Enhancing science and technology cooperation between the EU and Eastern Europe as well as Central Asia: a critical reflection on the White Paper from a S&T policy perspective

Schuch, Klaus; Bonas, George; Sonnenburg, Jörn

doi:10.1186/2192-5372-1-3

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 1 Main S&T indicators of the EECA countries

From: Enhancing science and technology cooperation between the EU and Eastern Europe as well as Central Asia: a critical reflection on the White Paper from a S&T policy perspective

EECA countries		R&D expenditure as % of GDP (GERD)	Number of research organizations	Number of R&D personnel
Central Asian countries	Kazakhstan^a	0.16	424	17,021
	Kyrgyzstan^b	0.21	84	5,125
	Tajikistan^c	0.06	67	5,617
	Turkmenistan	n/a	46^h	3,689^j
	Uzbekistan^d	0.20	202	34,587
Eastern European countries	Armenia	0.27	83	6,926^k
	Azerbaijan	0.2	146	22,500
	Belarus	0.65^f	446	20,571
	Georgia^e	0.4	31	3,200
	Moldova	0.42	38	4,764^l
	Russia	1.24	3,536	742,433^m
	Ukraine	0.82^g	1,303ⁱ	141,000ⁿ

^aAccording to the Kazakhstan Agency for Statistics. http://www.stat.kz; ^bNational Statistic Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic, 2010; ^cUNESCO Science Report 2010; ^dCommittee for Coordination of Science and Technology Development of Uzbekistan 2010; ^eSource: SRNSF; ^fScience, Innovation and Technology in the Republic of Belarus – 2008. Statistical book, State Committee on Science and Technology, Ministry of Statistics and Analysis of Belarus, 2009; ^gState Statistics Service of Ukraine: Science and Technology Activities in Ukraine - Statistical Data Collection (Державна Служба Статистики України: Наукова та інноваційна діяльність в Україні - Статистичний збірник, ДП ‘Інформаційно-видавничий центр Держстату України’) Kiev, 2011, p. 178 (data for 2010)^{; h}Estimated; ⁱState Statistics Service of Ukraine: Science and Technology Activities in Ukraine - Statistical Data Collection (Державна Служба Статистики України: Наукова та інноваційна діяльність в Україні - Статистичний збірник, ДП ‘Інформаційно-видавничий центр Держстату України’) Kiev, 2011, p. 10 (data for 2010); ^jStatistical Yearbook of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 2010, p.160; ^kNational Statistical Service of RA, http://armstat.am/ (data for 2009); ^lThe Court of Accounts of Moldova Report, http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=338497&lang=1; ^mNumber of researchers is 369, 237 (2009); ⁿState Statistics Service of Ukraine: Science and Technology Activities in Ukraine - Statistical Data Collection (Державна Служба Статистики України: Наукова та інноваційна діяльність в Україні - Статистичний збірник, ДП ‘Інформаційно-видавничий центр Держстату України’) Kiev, 2011, p. 31 (data for 2010); number of researchers is 89,600.

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