Assisting regional policy by rapidly comparing enterprise innovation between regions

Nikolaidis, Yiannis; Fouskas, Konstantinos; Carayannis, Elias G

doi:10.1186/2192-5372-2-16

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 3 Test 2 information on the nine examined characteristics and the populations of commercial companies

From: Assisting regional policy by rapidly comparing enterprise innovation between regions

Characteristic		ζ= 0.05				Result
Characteristic		α= 0.01		α= 0.05		Result
Using personal computers	First z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 3.96
	First z test	- z_{1 - α = 0.99} = - 2.326	Equivalence	- z_{1 - α = 0.95} = - 1.645	Equivalence
	Second z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 1.51
	Second z test	z_{1 - α = 0.99} = 2.326	Nonequivalence	z_{1 - α = 0.95} = 1.645	Nonequivalence
Having access to the internet	First z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 5.99
	First z test	- z_{1 - α = 0.99} = - 2.326	Equivalence	- z_{1 - α = 0.95} = - 1.645	Equivalence
	Second z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 3.59
	Second z test	z_{1 - α = 0.99} = 2.326	Nonequivalence	z_{1 - α = 0.95} = 1.645	Nonequivalence
Having a certified quality management system	First z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 10.07
	First z test	- z_{1 - α = 0.99} = - 2.326	Equivalence	- z_{1 - α = 0.95} = - 1.645	Equivalence
	Second z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 5.82
	Second z test	z_{1 - α = 0.99} = 2.326	Nonequivalence	z_{1 - α = 0.95} = 1.645	Nonequivalence	Nonequivalence everywhere!!
Introduction of a new product/service	First z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 12.47
	First z test	- z_{1 - α = 0.99} = - 2.326	Equivalence	- z_{1 - α = 0.95} = - 1.645	Equivalence
	Second z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 8.67
	Second z test	z_{1 - α = 0.99} = 2.326	Nonequivalence	z_{1 - α = 0.95} = 1.645	Nonequivalence
Introduction of an organizational innovation/technology	First z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 5.21
	First z test	- z_{1 - α = 0.99} = - 2.326	Equivalence	- z_{1 - α = 0.95} = - 1.645	Equivalence
	Second z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 1.94
	Second z test	z_{1 - α = 0.99} = 2.326	Nonequivalence	z_{1 - α = 0.95} = 1.645	Nonequivalence
Intention for future introduction of a new product/service or an organizational innovation/technology	First z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 10.13
	First z test	- z_{1 - α = 0.99} = - 2.326	Equivalence	- z_{1 - α = 0.95} = - 1.645	Equivalence
	Second z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 7.53
	Second z test	z_{1 - α = 0.99} = 2.326	Nonequivalence	z_{1 - α = 0.95} = 1.645	Nonequivalence
Cooperation with universities or research centers	First z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 6.83
	First z test	- z_{1 - α = 0.99} = - 2.326	Equivalence	- z_{1 - α = 0.95} = - 1.645	Equivalence
	Second z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 0.84
	Second z test	z_{1 - α = 0.99} = 2.326	Nonequivalence	z_{1 - α = 0.95} = 1.645	Nonequivalence
Getting subsidies	First z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 10.39
	First z test	- z_{1 - α = 0.99} = - 2.326	Equivalence	- z_{1 - α = 0.95} = - 1.645	Equivalence
	Second z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 4.89
	Second z test	z_{1 - α = 0.99} = 2.326	Nonequivalence	z_{1 - α = 0.95} = 1.645	Nonequivalence
Having an email address	First z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 4.18
	First z test	- z_{1 - α = 0.99} = - 2.326	Equivalence	- z_{1 - α = 0.95} = - 1.645	Equivalence
	Second z test	z_{ζ = 0.05} = - 1.11
	Second z test	z_{1 - α = 0.99} = 2.326	Nonequivalence	z_{1 - α = 0.95} = 1.645	Nonequivalence

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