A Systems View Across Time and Space
From: Ukrainian entrepreneurship in Italy: factors influencing the creation of ethnic ventures
 | Percentage* (%) |
---|---|
Dependent variable | Â |
 Creation of ethnic venture in the enclave | 73.8 |
Independent variable | Â |
 Pull factors |  |
  H1: Start-up capital personally saved or loaned by family members (PFC) | 100 |
  H2: Start-up capital loaned by members of the ethnic group (EGC) | 4.8 |
  H3: Start-up capital loaned by local banks (LBC) | 0 |
  H4: Employees belonging to the family (FE) | 4.8 |
  H5: Employees belonging to the ethnic group (EGE) | 40.5 |
  H6: Employees belonging to other ethnic groups (OEGE) | 0 |
  H7: Ethnic inputs from the ethnic group in the destination country (EGI) | 13.6 |
  H8: Ethnic inputs from the ethnic group in the origin country (OCI) | 54.6 |
  H9: Inputs from other ethnic groups (OEGI) | 31.8 |
  H10: Ethnic outputs to already existing ethnic markets (EMO) | 97.6 |
  H11: Ethnic outputs to potential ethnic markets (PEMO) | 57.1 |
  H12: Outputs to other ethnic groups (OEGO) | 80.5 |
  H13: Institutional problems (IP) | 85.7 |
  H14: Business model (BM) | 52.4 |
  H15: Managerial competences (MC) | 21.4 |
 Push factors |  |
  H16: Unemployment (GOU) | 64.3 |
  H17: Previous work (LPW) | 7.1 |
 Socio-demographic factors |  |
  H18: Housing area (HA) | 45.2 |
  H19: Age (AGE) | 47.6 |
  H20: Number of years spent in the destination country (YDC) | 66.7 |
  H21: Level of education (LE) | 71.4 |
  H22: Gender (GEN) | 71.4 |