Ukrainian entrepreneurship in Italy: factors influencing the creation of ethnic ventures

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 6 Estimated Logit model of factors affecting the creation of Ukrainian ventures in the enclave in Caserta

Independent variables	Dependent variable: ethnic venture in the *enclave*
	Coefficients (β)	p value
Intercept	25.094	0.001
Pull factors
H1: Start-up capital personally saved or loaned by family members (PFC)	Constant	Constant
H2: Start-up capital loaned by members of the ethnic group (EGC)	0.033	0.855
H3: Start-up capital loaned by local banks (LBC)	Constant	Constant
H4: Employees belonging to the family (FE)	0.022	0.883
H5: Employees belonging to the ethnic group (EGE)	0.399	0.527
H6: Employees belonging to other ethnic groups (OEGE)	Constant	Constant
H7: Ethnic inputs from the ethnic group in the destination country (EGI)	0.032	0.859
H8: Ethnic inputs from the ethnic group in the origin country (OCI)	0.074	0.785
H9: Inputs from other ethnic groups (OEGI)	0.025	0.874
H10: Ethnic outputs to already existing ethnic markets (EMO)	0.341	0.559
H11: Ethnic outputs to potential ethnic markets (PEMO)	0.846	0.358
H12: Outputs to other ethnic groups (OEGO)	0.280	0.596
H13: Institutional problems (IP)	1.804	0.179
H14: Business model (BM)	0.278	0.598
H15: Managerial competences (MC)	0.010	0.920
Push factors
H16: Unemployment (GOU)	1.054	0.305
H17: Previous work (LPW)	0.012	0.911
Socio-demographic factors
H18: Housing area (HA)	0.130	0.021**
H19: Age (AGE)	0.146	0.030**
H20: Number of years spent in the destination country (YDC)	0.010	0.920
H21: Level of education (LE)	0.619	0.431
H22: Gender (GEN)	0.017	0.896

Number of cases = 42; chi-square of Omnibus test (df) = 10.064 (2); Nagelkerke R² (pseudo R²) = 0.316; percentage of correct predictions = 88.1%; *p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.1.