A Systems View Across Time and Space
Authors | Classification criteria | Typologies |
---|---|---|
Carayannis and Von Zedtwitz (2005) | The strategic aims of incubators | Regional incubators |
von Zedtwitz and Grimaldi (2006) | University incubators | |
von Zedtwitz (2003) | Virtual incubators | |
Independent commercial incubators | ||
Incubators internal to businesses | ||
Grimaldi and Grandi (2005) | Objectives of incubators, with a historical dimension | Centers of innovation |
University incubators | ||
Private business incubators | ||
Private independent incubators | ||
Aernoudt (2004) | Objectives of incubators, with a historical dimension | Mixed incubators |
Economic development incubators | ||
Technological incubators | ||
Social incubators | ||
Fundamental research incubators | ||
Albert et al. (2003) | Multi-criteria: finality pursued, dominant activities in the projects, objectives, etc. | Economic development incubators |
Academic and scientific incubators | ||
Business incubators | ||
Private investment incubators |