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A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 1 Typologies of incubators

From: Toward a typology of incubators based on HRM

Authors

Classification criteria

Typologies

Carayannis and Von Zedtwitz (2005)

The strategic aims of incubators

Regional incubators

von Zedtwitz and Grimaldi (2006)

University incubators

von Zedtwitz (2003)

Virtual incubators

Independent commercial incubators

Incubators internal to businesses

Grimaldi and Grandi (2005)

Objectives of incubators, with a historical dimension

Centers of innovation

University incubators

Private business incubators

Private independent incubators

Aernoudt (2004)

Objectives of incubators, with a historical dimension

Mixed incubators

Economic development incubators

Technological incubators

Social incubators

Fundamental research incubators

Albert et al. (2003)

Multi-criteria: finality pursued, dominant activities in the projects, objectives, etc.

Economic development incubators

Academic and scientific incubators

Business incubators

  

Private investment incubators