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A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 2 Direct, indirect, and total effects

From: Women-owned family businesses in transitional economies: key influences on firm innovativeness and sustainability

 

Effect

Total

Direct

Indirect

Risk-taking propensity

   

Opportunity recognition

.30**

.30**

 

Innovation

.09

 

.09

Sustainability

.14

 

.14

Entrepreneurial intensity

   

Opportunity recognition

.42**

.42**

 

Innovation

.13

 

.13

Sustainability

.19

 

.19

  1. *p < .05; **p < .01. The effects are controlling for the other effects in the models.