Research and development from the bottom up - introduction of terminologies for new product development in emerging markets

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 1 Literature overview

Hits in BSC and Google Scholar	Hits	Adjusted	Number of academic articles
Jugaad	77	68	20
Frugal innovation	50	43	12
Frugal engineering	66	59	14
Constraint-based innovation	2	2	2
Gandhian innovation	5	2	0
Grassroots innovation	70	57	30
Indigenous innovation + emerging markets^a	50	30	13
Catalytic innovation	7	4	3
Reverse innovation	147	98	25
Total	474	363	119

Date of investigation 23 July 2012. ^aThe term ‘indigenous innovation’ produced a huge number of search results (457). After the screening, we identified a lot of unrelated papers to our focus on product development in emerging markets. Thus, it was accompanied by the search item ‘emerging markets.’