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A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 2 Jugaad as prototype

From: Research and development from the bottom up - introduction of terminologies for new product development in emerging markets

Description from literature analysis

Key factor

Measureable category

Bottom of pyramid (BoP) → emerging markets

Market orientation

Emerging market orientation

Inventive problem solving, low taxonomy, complexity reduction, cost-effectiveness, usefulness, quick results

Organization for collaboration and communication

Sophistication

Frugality, constrained resources, scarcity, exigency

Resources and stimulus

Sustainability