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A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 2 Motivational variables

From: Examining the differences between the motivations of traditional and entrepreneurial scientists

Motivational factors

Development-driven motivations

M1—to collect industrial feedback on the applicability of my invention

M2—to ensure an ecosystem that is more flexible than the university for the further development of my invention

Finance-driven motivations

M3—to increase my personal income from my entrepreneurial activities

M4—to obtain financial resources for further research

Reputation-driven motivations

M5—to increase my scientific reputation through entrepreneurship

M6—to increase my social reputation through entrepreneurship

M7—to demonstrate the practical relevance of my research to family/friends

Commercialization-driven motivations

M8—to ensure direct control over the commercialization of my invention

M9—to benefit society with my invention

Job security-driven motivations

M10—to secure jobs for young researchers at my spin-off company

M11—to secure a job if my university position is terminated

  1. Source: authors’ compilation