A Systems View Across Time and Space
From: Examining the differences between the motivations of traditional and entrepreneurial scientists
Traditional scientists | Entrepreneurial scientists | Total | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Motivational variables | Importance (based on means) | N | Mean | Std. deviation | Importance (based on means) | N | Mean | Std. deviation | Importance (based on means) | N | Mean | Std. deviation |
M4—to obtain financial resources for further research | 1 | 265 | 4.29 | 0.8923 | 1 | 30 | 4.57 | 0.6789 | 1 | 353 | 4.32 | 0.8894 |
M8—to ensure direct control over the commercialization of my invention | 6 | 246 | 4.10 | 0.9948 | 2 | 29 | 4.52 | 0.6336 | 6 | 331 | 4.10 | 0.9892 |
M2—to ensure an ecosystem that is more flexible than the university for the further development of my invention | 2 | 237 | 4.27 | 0.9583 | 3 | 30 | 4.50 | 0.9738 | 2 | 316 | 4.31 | 0.9428 |
M1—to collect industrial feedback on the applicability of my invention | 3 | 245 | 4.20 | 1.0065 | 4 | 30 | 4.47 | 0.7303 | 4 | 329 | 4.19 | 0.9963 |
M10—to secure jobs for young researchers at my spin-off company | 7 | 260 | 4.01 | 1.0076 | 5 | 30 | 4.43 | 0.7739 | 7 | 348 | 4.03 | 0.9980 |
M3—to increase my personal income from my entrepreneurial activities | 4 | 267 | 4.20 | 0.8895 | 6 | 30 | 4.40 | 0.6747 | 3 | 354 | 4.23 | 0.8841 |
M9—to benefit society with my invention | 5 | 265 | 4.15 | 1.0237 | 7 | 30 | 4.30 | 0.8769 | 5 | 355 | 4.19 | 1.0081 |
M11—to secure a job if my university position is terminated | 8 | 253 | 3.72 | 1.2858 | 8 | 29 | 4.00 | 1.1019 | 8 | 339 | 3.80 | 1.2526 |
M5—to increase my scientific reputation through entrepreneurship | 10 | 261 | 3.03 | 1.2400 | 9 | 30 | 3.33 | 1.1842 | 10 | 351 | 3.08 | 1.2543 |
M7—to demonstrate the practical relevance of my research to family/friends | 11 | 261 | 2.67 | 1.2153 | 10 | 30 | 3.33 | 1.4700 | 11 | 352 | 2.77 | 1.2741 |
6—to increase my social reputation through entrepreneurship | 9 | 262 | 3.08 | 1.2369 | 11 | 30 | 3.27 | 1.0807 | 9 | 352 | 3.10 | 1.2407 |