A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 1 Definition of variables
From: Does innovation promote economic growth? Evidence from European countries
Variable code | Variable definition |
|---|---|
GDP | Per capita economic growth: expansion of a country’s economy, expressed in per capita gross domestic product. |
PAR | Patents filed by residents: expressed in numbers per thousand population. |
PAN | Patents filed by non-residents: expressed in numbers per thousand population. |
RDE | Research and development expenditure: expressed as a percentage of real gross domestic product. |
RRD | Researchers in research and development activities: expressed in numbers per thousand population. |
HTE | High-technology exports: expressed as a percentage of real gross domestic product. |
STJ | Scientific and technical journal articles: expressed in numbers per thousand population. |