A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 4 Descriptive statistics of the variables
From: Does innovation promote economic growth? Evidence from European countries
Countries | Variables | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PAR | PAN | RDE | RRD | THE | STJ | |
Austria | −0.57/0.03 | −1.44/0.07 | 0.38/0.06 | −0.36/0.08 | 0.68/0.08 | −0.24/0.02 |
Belgium | −1.27/0.05 | −1.81/0.13 | 0.29/0.02 | −0.51/0.03 | 0.85/0.07 | −0.20/0.03 |
Czech Republic | −1.20/0.06 | −0.10/0.73 | 0.08/0.06 | −0.75/0.15 | −0.69/0.30 | −0.53/0.10 |
Denmark | −0.53/0.04 | −1.50/0.08 | 0.40/0.07 | −0.04/0.11 | −0.25/0.06 | −0.03/0.03 |
Finland | −0.41/0.07 | −1.42/0.16 | 0.53/0.04 | 0.13/0.05 | 0.77/0.15 | −0.03/0.01 |
France | −0.65/0.01 | −1.35/0.14 | 0.34/0.01 | −1.29/0.05 | 0.60/0.05 | −0.31/0.01 |
Germany | −0.24/0.02 | −0.86/0.05 | 0.40/0.03 | −1.40/0.05 | 069/0.12 | −0.28/0.02 |
Greece | −1.40/0.13 | −2.57/0.18 | −0.24/0.05 | −0.85/0.11 | −0.35/0.10 | −0.47/0.12 |
Hungary | −1.14/0.04 | −1.26/0.80 | −0.04/0.09 | −0.82/0.11 | −1.32/0.25 | −0.64/0.04 |
Ireland | −0.69/0.10 | −1.67/0.19 | 0.11/0.06 | −0.20/0.05 | 1.31/0.14 | −0.32/0.10 |
Italy | −0.86/0.05 | −1.74/0.12 | 0.06/0.05 | −1.60/0.07 | 0.22/0.03 | −0.38/0.05 |
Netherlands | −0.84/0.03 | −1.54/0.15 | 0.28/0.02 | −0.75/0.04 | 0.98/0.06 | −0.08/0.03 |
Norway | −0.60/0.04 | −0.15/0.35 | 0.21/0.02 | 0.01/0.03 | −0.82/0.02 | −0.10/0.10 |
Poland | −1.19/0.07 | −1.40/0.57 | −0.20/0.05 | −1.40/0.03 | −0.69/0.30 | −0.79/0.08 |
Portugal | −1.79/0.31 | −2.29/0.18 | −0.05/0.16 | −0.68/0.19 | 0.05/0.17 | −0.62/0.19 |
Romania | −1.28/0.11 | −2.14/0.49 | −0.34/0.08 | −1.35/0.06 | −0.37/0.17 | −1.31/0.11 |
Spain | −1.17/0.05 | −2.10/0.18 | 0.03/0.09 | −1.30/0.10 | 0.03/0.04 | −0.40/0.06 |
Sweden | −0.51/0.12 | −1.27/0.17 | 0.56/0.02 | −0.24/0.04 | −0.29/0.07 | 0.03/0.02 |
United Kingdom | −0.51/0.06 | −0.82/0.10 | 0.24/0.01 | −1.24/0.07 | 0.74/0.12 | −0.12/0.01 |
European panel# | −0.89/0.42 | −1.47/0.62 | 0.16/0.26 | −0.79/0.53 | 0.13/0.74 | −0.37/0.34 |