A Systems View Across Time and Space
From: Innovation at country-level: association between economic development and patents
Economic indicators | Description |
 Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita ($) | US $ current PPP, current prices |
 Gross national income (GNI) per capita ($) | US $ current PPP, current prices |
 Labor cost index (base year 2010=100) | Measures changes in average hourly labor cost, taking into account not only price changes but also changes in the composition and the characteristics of the labor input; Calculated by dividing the labor costs by the number of hours worked. Labor costs are made up of costs for wages and salaries, plus non-wage costs such as employer's social contributions. These do not include vocational training costs or other expenditures such as recruitment costs, and spending on working clothes. |
 Research & development (R&D) expenditure ($) | Money spent on creative work undertaken on a systematic basis to increase the stock of knowledge and the use of this knowledge to devise new applications in the sector |
 Real minimum wage ($) | Statutory minimum wages converted into a common hourly and annual pay period (in US$) for the OECD countries for which they are available. |
 Tax revenue as percentage of GDP (%) | Tax Revenue expressed as a percentage of GDP |
 Ratio of education enrollment to total population (enrollment in 3 levels of primary, secondary, tertiary) | Ratio of enrollment in primary, secondary, and tertiary education levels expressed with the total population |
Innovation indicators | Description |
 PCT (Patent cooperation treaty) patent applications per 10,000 inhabitants | Number of patent applications in PCT per 10,000 inhabitants (reference date is application date) |
 Patents owned by foreign residents | Patents owned by foreign countries (drill down to 8 countries including EU) |
 Patent applications under PCT by technology sector | Number of patent applications by technology for different sectors (sectors include chemistry/metallurgy; electricity; human necessities; fixed construction; mechanical engineering, lighting, heating; performing operations/transportation; physics; textiles/paper) |