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Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 10 Sales growth and innovation

From: Innovation and employment growth: evidence from manufacturing firms in Africa

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Sales growth

Sales growth

Sales growth

Sales growth

Sales growth

Sales growth

Innov (0 = no innovation)

 1 (= Process/Product)

0.06*

  

0.07*

  

(0.0274)

  

(0.0289)

  

 2 (= Process × Product)

0.05*

  

0.04

  

(0.0266)

  

(0.0271)

  

Productivity

0.1***

0.1***

0.1***

0.1***

0.1***

0.1***

(0.00897)

(0.00886)

(0.00893)

(0.00917)

(0.00904)

(0.00916)

Process (1 = yes)

 

0.07**

  

0.05*

 
 

(0.0234)

  

(0.0241)

 

Product (1 = yes)

  

0.02

  

0.01

  

(0.0229)

  

(0.0236)

Retained

− 0.1**

− 0.08*

− 0.1**

− 0.10**

− 0.08*

− 0.1**

(0.0371)

(0.0364)

(0.0373)

(0.0376)

(0.0369)

(0.0379)

Size (small)

 Medium

− 0.03

− 0.04+

− 0.03

− 0.02

− 0.03

− 0.02

(0.0240)

(0.0237)

(0.0240)

(0.0251)

(0.0249)

(0.0251)

 Large

− 0.02

− 0.02

− 0.02

− 0.03

− 0.03

− 0.02

(0.0371)

(0.0371)

(0.0369)

(0.0389)

(0.0390)

(0.0389)

lnAge

− 0.03**

− 0.03**

− 0.03*

− 0.03*

− 0.03*

− 0.03*

(0.0134)

(0.0134)

(0.0135)

(0.0132)

(0.0133)

(0.0133)

lnMexperience

− 0.01

− 0.009

− 0.01

− 0.007

− 0.004

− 0.007

(0.0162)

(0.0163)

(0.0162)

(0.0168)

(0.0170)

(0.0169)

Foreign (1 = yes)

− 0.02

− 0.02

− 0.02

− 0.03

− 0.02

− 0.03

(0.0278)

(0.0278)

(0.0280)

(0.0285)

(0.0285)

(0.0287)

Government (1 = yes)

0.2*

0.2*

0.2*

0.2+

0.2+

0.2*

(0.0822)

(0.0829)

(0.0819)

(0.0855)

(0.0868)

(0.0857)

Millioncity (1 = yes)

− 0.02

− 0.03

− 0.03

− 0.02

− 0.03

− 0.02

(0.0254)

(0.0250)

(0.0254)

(0.0259)

(0.0257)

(0.0260)

Exporting (1 = yes)

− 0.006

− 0.006

− 0.0007

0.004

0.003

0.006

(0.0286)

(0.0286)

(0.0285)

(0.0296)

(0.0297)

(0.0298)

Electricity (1 = yes)

   

− 0.02

− 0.02

− 0.02

   

(0.0266)

(0.0264)

(0.0267)

Bureaucracy

   

− 0.0009*

− 0.0008*

− 0.0008*

   

(0.000406)

(0.000406)

(0.000408)

Bribe

   

0.003+

0.003+

0.003+

   

(0.00192)

(0.00195)

(0.00193)

Competition

   

− 0.01

− 0.005

− 0.008

   

(0.0223)

(0.0223)

(0.0224)

Country fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

ISIC fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Constant

− 0.8***

− 0.8***

− 0.8***

− 0.9***

− 0.9***

− 0.9***

(0.0964)

(0.0970)

(0.0964)

(0.102)

(0.102)

(0.102)

N

5822

5762

5798

5389

5337

5370

R 2

0.118

0.116

0.117

0.121

0.119

0.120

Adj. R2

0.109

0.108

0.109

0.111

0.110

0.110

  1. Note: (1) All models are pooled OLS with standard errors adjusted for clusters using unique firm identifiers. (2) Standard errors in parentheses. (3) Significance levels: +p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  2. Source: Authors’ own computation based on WBES, 2018
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