A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 3 Descriptive summary statistics
From: Innovation and employment growth: evidence from manufacturing firms in Africa
Variable | No. of observations | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Employment growth | 6400 | 0.11 | 0.45 | − 2 | 2 |
Innov (0 = no innovation) | |||||
 1 (= Process/Product) | 6400 | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0 | 1 |
 2 (=Process × Product) | 6400 | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
Product (1 = yes) | 6351 | 0.43 | 0.49 | 0 | 1 |
Process (1 = yes) | 6303 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
SalesG | 6262 | 0.10 | 0.79 | − 4.37 | 7 |
Productivity | 6336 | 207,645.40 | 7,786,660.00 | 1.10265 | 6.06E + 08 |
R&D (1 = yes) | 6326 | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0 | 1 |
Retained (1 = yes) | 6393 | 0.73 | 0.33 | 0 | 1 |
Small (1 = yes) | 6400 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
Medium (1 = yes) | 6400 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0 | 1 |
Large (1 = yes) | 6400 | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0 | 1 |
Age | 6164 | 19.96 | 15.58 | 0 | 212 |
Young (1 = yes) | 6208 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0 | 1 |
Older (1 = yes) | 6162 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |
Mature (1 = yes) | 6400 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
Mexperience | 6202 | 17.90 | 11.12 | 1 | 72 |
Domestic | 6372 | 0.88 | 0.32 | 0 | 1 |
Foreign (1 = yes) | 6355 | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0 | 1 |
Government (1 = yes) | 6360 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0 | 1 |
Millioncity (1 = yes) | 6400 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0 | 1 |
Exporting (1 = yes) | 6400 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0 | 1 |
Electricity (1 = yes) | 6350 | 0.70 | 0.46 | 0 | 1 |
Bureaucracy | 6359 | 10.26 | 21.34 | 0 | 100 |
Bribe | 6298 | 1.46 | 6.73 | 0 | 100 |
Competition (1 = yes) | 5995 | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 |