Table 1 Descriptive statistics on R&D share, number of patents and PCGDP growth rate

OECD

2.33

1,189,974

1.37

0.17

149,756.8

1.53

2.12

887,936

− 4.22

2.81

1,377,360

3.21

High income

2.34

1,201,217

1.45

0.15

149,948

1.51

2.13

902,092

− 4.08

2.71

1,387,072

3.31

Upper middle income

1.06

520,146.5

4.04

0.39

457,821

2.23

0.6

93,349

0.52

1.91

1,519,670

8.25

Low & middle income

0.98

573,001.8

3.58

0.35

474,962.3

1.93

0.5

120,487

0.28

1.67

1,595,941

6.67

USA

2.63

421,165.1

1.53

0.12

130,916.5

1.62

2.44

211,946

− 3.62

2.82

606,956

3.48

China

1.39

407,059.8

8.39

0.52

438,195.7

1.98

0.56

22,742

5.55

2.15

1,381,594

13.6

Japan

3.11

377,921.1

0.6

0.19

41,816.74

2.02

2.69

376,674

− 5.51

3.39

318,479

4.69

Germany

2.56

60,838.27

1.63

0.26

3,858.784

2.31

2.13

51,833

− 5.37

2.89

67,712

5.2

S. Korea

3.08

151,102.9

3.56

0.83

46,787.61

3.18

2.06

90,326

− 6.39

4.29

204,775

9.94

India

0.77

27,363.09

5.43

0.07

15,530.39

2.02

0.62

8562

2.01

0.91

46,582

7.59

France

2.15

16,743.55

0.95

0.07

419.8112

1.45

2.01

16,400

− 3.43

2.27

16,247

3.17

UK

1.63

26,377.5

1.56

0.04

3985.261

1.76

0.95

28,005

− 4.91

1.72

22,072

3.42

Russia

1.1

36,079.32

2.3

0.09

6706.499

5.86

0.95

25,994

− 8.81

1.28

36,883

8.5

Brazil

1.05

21,707

1.12

0.09

6236.94

2.61

0.91

8057

− 4.6

1.19

25,658

6.49