A Systems View Across Time and Space
From: From innovation-as-usual towards unusual innovation: using nature as an inspiration
Definition | Author(s) | Terminology | Disciplinary origin | Organizational level |
---|---|---|---|---|
Studies nature’s models and emulates natural forms, processes, systems and strategies for solving human problems | Benyus (1997) | Biomimicry | Natural resource management | System level |
A scientific style inspired by technological considerations and a fresh look at nature | Bensaude-Vincent, Arribart, Bouligand, and Sanchez (2002) | Biomimicry | Chemistry | Molecular level |
A system development tool | Rice and Martin (2007) | Biomimicry | Social sciences | Systems level |
Biological phenomena for inspiring solutions to engineering problems | Mak and Shu (2008) | Biomimetics | Engineering sciences | Conceptual level |
Transfer from one or more biological examples to a technical system | Sartori, Pal, and Chakrabarti (2010) | Biomimetics | Product design and manufacturing | Product level |
A source of inspiration and a toolkit for solving practical design problems | Volstad and Boks (2012) | Biomimicry | Engineering sciences | Industrial design level |
An interdisciplinary scientific research that makes nature a new source of inspiration | Habib and Watanabe (2012) | Bio-inspiration | Engineering sciences | Technology level |
The imitation of a product or process found in nature | Rawlings et al. (2012) | Biomimetics | Biosciences | Protein level |
A field that seeks to interpolate natural biological mechanisms and structures into different applications | Lurie-Luke (2014) | Biomimicry | Applied sciences | Applicational science level |
Varying levels of biomimicry (strong and weak) | Blok and Gremmen (2016) | Biomimicry | Social sciences | Philosophical level |
Imitate general abstracted mechanisms that render many natural systems sustainable for long periods of time | Troncale (2016) | Biomimicry | Systems engineering | Systems level |
Instantiation of progressive techniques | Fisch (2017) | Biomimicry | Social sciences | Philosophical level |
The practice of human designers mimicking an organism, behaviour aspects of ecosystems | Zari (2017) | Biomimetics | Architecture | Industrial design level |