Skip to main content

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 4 Chi-squared empirical \( {\chi}_{emp}^2 \)

From: Innovation strategy on the example of companies using bamboo

 

CEO

R+D department

Other workers

Micro company

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(215-\mathrm{195,11}\right)}^2}{\mathrm{195,11}}=2,03 \)

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(33-46,07\right)}^2}{46,07}=3,71 \)

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(67-73,82\right)}^2}{73,82}=0,63 \)

Mini company

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(51-43,98\right)}^2}{43,98}=1,12 \)

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(4-10,39\right)}^2}{10,39}=3,93 \)

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(16-16,64\right)}^2}{16,64}=0,03 \)

Medium company

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(60-69,37\right)}^2}{69,37}=1,27 \)

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(21-16,38\right)}^2}{16,38}=1,30 \)

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(31-26,24\right)}^2}{26,24}=0,86 \)

Large company

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(89-\mathrm{106,54}\right)}^2}{\mathrm{106,54}}=2,89 \)

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(40-25,16\right)}^2}{25,16}=8,75 \)

\( {x}_{emp}^2=\frac{{\left(43-40,30\right)}^2}{40,30}=0,18 \)

 

∑=7,31

∑=17,69

∑=1,7

 

\( {\boldsymbol{\chi}}_{\boldsymbol{emp}}^{\mathbf{2}} \)=26,70

  1. Source: own elaboration