Attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: dimensionality, structural relationships, and gender differences

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 3 Correlations reported in the literature between gender and the TPB constructs

Study	N	Gender	A	PBC	I	AA	PSE	NE
Kolvereid (1996b)	143	Male = 1, female = 0	0.13	0.13	0.37
Zhao et al. (2005)	265	Male = 1, female = 2			− 0.20
Schlaegel and Koenig (2014)	114,007	Male = 0, female = 1	− 0.04	− 0.04	− 0.06	− 0.11	− 0.13
Shirokova et al. (2016)	70,164	Male = 0, female = 1		− 0.09	− 0.14			− 0.10
Zampetakis et al. (2017)	1800	Male = 1, female = 2	− 0.13	− 0.17	− 0.18

N sample size, A attitude, PBC perceived behavioral control, I intention, AA affective attitude, PSE perceived self-efficacy, NE nascent entrepreneurship