Table 11 The effect of culture on gross domestic spending on R&D

2.23*** (3.35)

1.94** (2.78)

1.77** (2.19)

1.24* (2.01)

1.84** (2.34)

1.59***(2.96)

Hierarchy vs egalitarianism–PC1

− 0.24** (− 2.55)

Hierarchy vs egalitarianism–PC2

− 0.33* (− 1.97)

Conservatism/embeddedness vs autonomy–PC1

− 0.02 (− 0.23)

Conservatism/embeddedness vs autonomy–PC2

− 0.37*** (− 3.13)

Mastery vs harmony–PC1

− 0.01 (− 0.12)

Mastery vs harmony–PC2

− 0.49*** (− 3.98)

N

107

107

105

105

107

107

R²

32.09%

22.22%

15.89%

41.17%

18.92%

53.33%

F-stat

3.31**

2.01

0.03

4.9**

0.04

8.00***