A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 1 of the Appendix Socio-demographic and cultural background of leadership style factors (one-way variance analysis, mean value and standard deviation of factors), 2018, N = 335
From: Preferred leadership style, managerial and entrepreneurial inclination among Hungarian students
1st factor | 2nd factor | 3rd factor | 4th factor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Transformational-inspirational | Supportive-prudent | Defensive | Laissez-faire | |
Gender | ||||
Male | − 0.152 (1.09) | − 0.144 (1.09) | 0.160 (0.92) | 0.057 (1.01) |
Female | 0.101 (0.92) | 0.087 (0.92) | − 0.106 (1.03) | − 0.043 (0.99) |
Sig. | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.017 | NS |
Settlement type of place of origin | ||||
Budapest | − 0.020 (1.01) | − 0.116 (1.07) | − 0.106 (1.04) | − 0.043 (1.03) |
Other city, county centre | 0.005 (0.90) | − 0.002 (1.04) | − 0.035 (0.94) | − 0.043 (0.98) |
Small town or village | − 0.012 (1.11) | 0.114 (0.84) | 0.154 (1.03) | 0.103 (0.99) |
Sig. | NS | 0,078 | 0,068 | NS |
Subjective social position | ||||
Low social status (at most 4 points) | − 0.071 (1.19) | 0.222 (0.95) | 0.215 (0.90) | − 0.057 (0.83) |
Average social status (5–6 points) | − 0.063 (0.97) | 0.065 (0.92) | − 0.008 (0.96) | 0.001 (1.03) |
High social status (at least 7 points) | 0.071 (0.96) | − 0.114 (1.06) | 0.050 (1.05) | 0.014 (1.01) |
Sig. | NS | 0.091 | NS | NS |
Subjective financial situation | ||||
Average or below average number of trips abroad | − 0.052 (1.03) | 0.086 (1.01) | 0.045 (0.99) | − 0.035 (1.00) |
Above average number of trips abroad | 0.120 (0.92) | − 0.198 (0.94) | − 0.104 (1.03) | 0.082 (0.98) |
Sig. | NS | 0.016 | NS | NS |
Subjective well-being | ||||
Is very or rather unsatisfied with his/her life | − 0.250 (1.08) | − 0.040 (1.09) | 0.049 (0.93) | − 0.061 (0.96) |
Is satisfied or fairly satisfied with his/her life | 0.149 (0.91) | 0.024 (0.93) | − 0.029 (1.03) | 0.036 (1.01) |
Sig. | 0.000 | NS | NS | NS |
Cognitive mobilisation | ||||
Never or rarely discusses public affairs with acquaintances, friends | − 0.267 (1.21) | − 0.012 (0.90) | 0.067 (1.04) | − 0.110 (0.96) |
Often discusses public affairs with acquaintances, friends | 0.114 (0.87) | 0.005 (1.04) | − 0.021 (0.97) | 0.052 (1.01) |
Sig. | 0.001 | NS | NS | NS |
Generalised trust | ||||
One can never or as a rule cannot be cautious enough when it comes to others | − 0.139 (1.02) | − 0.112 (1.03) | 0.170 (0.94) | − 0.036 (0.96) |
People can almost always or generally be trusted | 0.134 (0.95) | 0.109 (0.95) | − 0.165 (1.02) | 0.035 (1.03) |
Sig. | 0.012 | 0.042 | 0.002 | NS |
Field of higher education studies | ||||
Social sciences | 0.170 (0.88) | − 0.052 (0.99) | − 0.152 (1.03) | − 0.012 (0.99) |
Engineering-, natural sciences | − 0.231 (1.08) | − 0.006 (1.05) | 0.094 (1.03) | − 0.012 (0.99) |
Economic sciences | 0.012 (1.04) | 0.138 (0.90) | 0.258 (0.80) | 0.097 (1.12) |
Sig | 0.004 | NS | 0.013 | NS |
Location of higher education studies | ||||
Big city: Budapest, Szeged, Debrecen, Miskolc, Pécs | 0.102 (0.93) | − 0.032 (1.03) | − 0.148 (1.03) | 0.056 (1.03) |
Other study location | − 0.135 (1.06) | 0.042 (0.95) | 0.196 (0.91) | − 0.075 (0.95) |
Sig. | 0.031 | NS | 0.002 | NS |