The theoretical model of spatial production for innovation

Olah, Daniel; Alpek, B. Levente

doi:10.1186/s13731-021-00182-4

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 3 (The variables of the final empirical model—and the factor points—and their descriptive statistics)

From: The theoretical model of spatial production for innovation

	N	Range	Minimum	Maximum	Average		Standard deviation	Variance	Skewness		Kurtosis
	Statistic	Statistic	Statistic	Statistic	Statistic	Standard error	Statistic	Statistic	Statistic	Statistic	Statistic	Statistic
The fastest trip to the county seat [minutes, in case of time optimization]	3155	147.080	0.000	147.080	45.017	0.378	21.247	451.428	0.804	0.044	1.070	0.087
The fastest trip to the regional centre [minutes, in case of time optimization]	3155	187.750	0.000	187.750	76.943	0.680	38.221	1460.815	0.472	0.044	− 0.521	0.087
Number of domestic patent applications filed by Hungarian applicants (by share of applicants), pcs	3155	229.890	0.000	229.890	0.194	0.075	4.190	17.555	52.442	0.044	2867.187	0.087
Higher education students as a percentage of population (%)	3155	0.183	0.000	0.183	0.001	0.000	0.008	0.000	15.868	0.044	288.247	0.087
Labour costs per operating firm	3155	3,699,404.000	0.000	3,699,404.000	40,372.492	2870.264	161,220.977	25,992,203,437.661	10.758	0.044	179.294	0.087
R&D tax credit per firm	3155	1,033,161.667	0.000	1,033,161.667	686.182	359.793	20,209.343	408,417,551.296	45.457	0.044	2226.376	0.087
Unemployed for more than 180 days in proportion to the permanent resident population	3155	0.121	0.000	0.121	0.010	0.000	0.010	0.000	2.443	0.044	11.324	0.087
IT company as a percentage of all companies	3155	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.019	0.001	0.049	0.002	10.046	0.044	165.032	0.087
Education company as a percentage of all companies	3155	0.500	0.000	0.500	0.007	0.000	0.023	0.001	10.212	0.044	159.580	0.087
Professional, scientific, technical firms as a percentage of all firms	3155	3.000	0.000	1.000	0.145	0.003	0.141	0.020	5.211	0.044	71.003	0.087
Visitors to educational events as a percentage of population	3155	8.314	0.000	8.314	0.108	0.007	0.394	0.155	12.971	0.044	226.098	0.087
Cultural event visitors as a percentage of population	3155	519.056	0.000	519.056	3.355	0.202	11.329	128.344	32.953	0.044	1401.721	0.087
Job seekers as a proportion of the population	3155	0.274	0.000	0.274	0.038	0.001	0.028	0.001	1.638	0.044	4.568	0.087
Fixed assets to balance sheet total	3155	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.392	0.004	0.219	0.048	− 0.266	0.044	− 0.443	0.087
Exports as a share of net turnover	3155	0.985	0.000	0.985	0.105	0.003	0.188	0.035	2.321	0.044	5.192	0.087
Foreign ownership rate in subscribed capital	3155	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.097	0.004	0.218	0.047	2.612	0.044	6.052	0.087
Factor score 1	3155	12.918	− 3.254	9.664	0.000	0.018	1.000	1.000	1.808	0.044	6.313	0.087
Factor score 2	3155	9.124	− 4.371	4.752	0.000	0.018	1.000	1.000	1.265	0.044	2.436	0.087
Factor score 3	3155	44.268	− 1.879	42.389	0.000	0.018	1.000	1.000	26.922	0.044	1055.695	0.087
Factor score 4	3155	5.921	− 2.320	3.601	0.000	0.018	1.000	1.000	0.417	0.044	− 0.314	0.087
Factor score 5	3155	42.678	− 1.526	41.152	0.000	0.018	1.000	1.000	26.901	0.044	966.338	0.087
Factor score 6	3155	29.410	− 0.685	28.725	0.000	0.018	1.000	1.000	15.766	0.044	344.783	0.087
Factor score 7	3155	19.932	− 1.412	18.521	0.000	0.018	1.000	1.000	6.496	0.044	80.468	0.087
N	3155

Source: author’s calculation (SPSS software)

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