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Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
A Systems View Across Time and Space
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Infographic
Table 2 Kazakhstan’s GDP values and Global Innovation Index ranks for 2012–2020.
From:
Innovation processes in Kazakhstan: development factors
Year
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
GDP, billion dollars
208
236.64
221.42
184.39
137.29
166.81
179.34
181.67
165.73
Rank
104
84
79
78
82
83
81
79
77
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