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A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 3 Full extent of questions asked for each of the constructs

From: Interaction of potential and effective entrepreneurial capabilities in adolescents: modeling youth entrepreneurship structure using structural equation modeling

Attitude toward opportunities

CE_P_35

35. I like to discover new opportunities to break the routine

CE_P_47

47. I consider the problems I face as challenges

CE_P_54

54. I think a lot about my options before taking advantage of an opportunity

CE_P_43

43. I make decisions with my future in mind

CE_P_48

48. I plan everything I do so that I can achieve my future goals

CE_P_2

2. I believe that I must take risks to achieve my goals

CE_P_29

29. I take responsibility when things do not go as expected

Cognitive skills

CE_P_34

34. I consider myself a creative person

CE_P_40

40. I like challenges where I can use my creativity and imagination

CE_P_45

45. I prefer to use the most practical and proven ways to do my tasks

CE_P_11

11. I like the idea of experimenting with new things, regardless of whether they will be successful or not

CE_P_53

53. I like to think of new ways to improve existing things

CE_P_18

18. I prefer traditional alternatives that have already proved to have good results

CE_P_6

6. When in doubt, I analyze my thoughts and evaluate them internally

CE_P_14

14. I obtain as much information as possible when it comes to a topic of interest to me

CE_P_49

49. I think it is not necessary to debate if the whole group agrees

Locus of control

CE_P_23

23. I am full of energy when I am starting a new challenge

CE_P_28

28. I tend to feel motivated to achieve the goals I set for myself

CE_P_30

30. I like to do things on my own

CE_P_38

38. It is important for me to have autonomy to get things done

CE_P_22

22. I believe I have the right skills to achieve my goals

CE_P_46

46. I believe I am good at what I do

CE_P_25

25. Once I make a commitment, I do everything in my power to keep it

CE_P_37

37. I care about following through on my commitments

Coping Skills

CE_P_4

4. I modify my behavior to carry out strategies that make my job easier

CE_P_58

58. I consider that I am able to accept change easily

CE_P_12

12. It took me a while before I accepted changes in what had been planned

CE_P_31

31. I prefer things to remain stable and as they have always been

CE_P_15

15. I find it easy to decide what is necessary to achieve my goals at the right time

CE_P_27

27. I am able to solve problems and make the right decisions at the right time

CE_P_50

50. When I have a problem, I can only think of one way to solve it

CE_P_39

39. I prefer to take the initiative rather than being told what to do

CE_P_63

63. I consider myself a person who takes initiatives

Sociocultural Perception

FSC_ P_1

In my region, it is possible to achieve individual success through one’s own personal efforts

FSC_ P_2

The culture of my region fosters risk-taking for the development of entrepreneurial ideas

FSC_ P_3

The culture of my region fosters creativity and innovative ideas

FSC_ P_4

The culture of my region makes it easy to implement entrepreneurial ideas

FSC_ P_5

Being an entrepreneur is a real way to make money

FSC_ P_6

Successful entrepreneurs have a high level of status and respect in my community

FSC_ P_7

The media reports on successful entrepreneurs’ cases

FSC_ P_8

Entrepreneurs are achievers and successful people

FSC_ P_9

If someone sets their mind to it, they can become a successful entrepreneur

Entrepreneurship Education

FF_ P_1

Education fosters the development of entrepreneurial skills in young people

FF_ P_2

This school offers adequate preparation for the development of entrepreneurial ideas

FF_ P_3

Entrepreneurship education is part of the contents developed in this school

FF_ P_4

In this school, entrepreneurship education has sufficient teaching aids and resources

FF_ P_5

The people in charge of entrepreneurship education at this school have the necessary training

Family Factors

FF_AF_1/2/3

FF_FAG_1/2

Schooling of family unit

Occupation of family unit

  1. Source: Prepared by the authors