Table 2 Items measuring risk taking behavior (Riyanti, 2006)

I dare not take risky opportunities in my business

It is better for me to take safe action than to take risky actions

I am not interested in taking any action that is risky

I can take responsibility for the risks that will occur

I will not allow myself to take any risky actions

Financial risk is something that I have to bear in my business

For me, making risky decisions will cost me more

I used to take risky actions in facing intense market competition

I hold other people accountable for the risky actions I took

I will not take risky decisions that will affect the production process

Taking responsibility for risky actions is foolishness

I am willing to take a risky choice in facing competition

I rely on other people to cover the losses for my risky actions

I do not like to take risky actions in running a business

I will not run away from responsibility after doing something risky

I was unable to take responsibility for the risky actions I had taken

I do not dare to bear the loss if there is an accumulation of goods in the warehouse

I will choose to make safe decisions over risky decisions

I will not allow others to take the risk of the actions I have taken

I did nothing to risk my actions

I feel pessimistic about making risky decisions

I will not take any risky action against business competitors

I insist on maintaining risky actions in the midst of uncertainty

I can't afford to make risky decisions

It never crossed my mind to make a risky decision

I often shy away from the responsibility of taking on business risks

I often make risky decisions to develop my business

I feel that a risky decision can actually advance my business

I am willing to pledge my house to the bank to get business capital

For me, making a risky decision is a symbol of hopelessness

I feel satisfied after taking risky actions in running my business amidst the uncertainties

For me, I can bear all business risks

I am able to take responsibility for the risks that occur

Financial risk is something I have to bear in running my business

I hold other people accountable for the risky actions I took