A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 3 Papers, definitions of design thinking and sources of definitions
From: Applying design thinking for business model innovation
Paper | Definition | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|
Innovating business models with pinball designs | “the process by which we devise courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones” | Simon, H., “The sciences of the artificial” (1969) |
“in the future, the most successful businesses will balance analytical mastery and intuitive originality in a dynamic interplay that I call design thinking” | Martin, R., “The design of business: Why design thinking is the next competitive advantage” (2009) | |
Co-designing business models: reframing problems | “If we try to demystify the core of design thinking in falls into four major categories: types of reasoning, the type of the design problem, learning approaches and design making essentials.” | N/A |
Prototyping in business model innovation: exploring the role of design thinking in business model development | “everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing current situations into preferred ones” | Simon, H., “The sciences of the artificial” (1969) |
Designing an innovative networked business model | “… links Design Thinking and the way designers work to a specific way designers solve problems; the use of abductive logic as opposed to inductive or deductive reasoning.” | Dorst, K., “The core of design thinking and Its application” (2011), Dorst, K., “The nature of design thinking” (2010) |
Rethinking the prototyping process for applying design thinking to business model innovation | “a human centered innovation process that emphasizes observation, collaboration, fast learning, visualization of ideas, rapid concept prototyping, and concurrent business analysis” | Lockwood, T., “Design thinking: integrating innovation, customer experience and brand value” (2010) |
Sustainable business modeling: The need for innovative design thinking | “we define design thinking as a human centered approach, following a gradual and iterative process, presenting a solution of complex problems by collaborating in multidisciplinary teams.” | N/A |
Design thinking to enhance the sustainable business modelling process – A workshop based on a value mapping process | “Design thinking is a method for developing innovative solutions for complex problems, by deliberately incorporating the concerns, interests, and values of humans into the design process” | Brown, T., “Change by design” (2009), Meinel, C., Leifer, L., Plattner, H., (Eds.), “Design thinking: understand—improve—apply” (2011) |
Bridging sustainable business model innovation and user-driven innovation: A process for sustainable value proposition design | “Design thinking is defined as a user-centred innovation approach based on problem solving and a process of repeated iterations between the three creative phases of inspiration, ideation and implementation…” | Brown, T. and Katz, B., “Change by design” (2011) |
A tool for collaborative circular proposition design | “Design thinking is seen as a way to ideate (the process of forming new abstract or concrete ideas and concepts) within contexts of high uncertainty or even wicked problems (Micheli et al., 2019; Von Thienen, Meinel and Nicolai, 2014).” | Micheli, P., Wilner, S.J.S., Bhatti, S., Mura, M. & Beverland, M., “Doing design thinking: conceptual review, synthesis, and research agenda” (2019), Von Thienen, J., Meinel, C. & Nicolai C., “How design thinking tools help to solve wicked problems” (2014) |
Sustainable mining development with community using design thinking and multi-criteria decision analysis | “The key concept of design thinking prescribes a human-centered approach which factors in human behavior, needs and preferences.” | N/A |
Transforming a Traditional Product Offer into PSS: A Practical Application | “it is an effective user-centered approach” | Brown, T., “Design thinking” (2008), Liedtka, J. and Ogilvie, T., “Designing for growth: A design thinking toolkit for managers” (2011) |
The reDesign canvas: Fashion design as a tool for sustainability | “Design thinking can be described as a “practice … associated with having a human-centered approach to problem solving in contrast to being technology- or organization-centered. [Designers] are seen as using an iterative process that moves from generating insights about end users, to idea generation and testing, to implementation” (Kimbell, 2011).” | Kimbell, L., “Rethinking design thinking: Part I” (Kimbell, 2011) |
Industrial Digital Environments in Action: The OMiLAB Innovation Corner | “Design Thinking as a systematic, human-centred approach to solving complex problems … [where] … user needs and requirements as well as user-oriented invention are central ….” | Hasso-Plattner-Institut, “What is design thinking?” (2020) |
Navigating market opportunity: traditional market research and deep customer insight methods | “design thinking can describe cognitive processes of designers, particularly the way designers solve problems” | Kimbell, L., “Rethinking design thinking: Part I” (2011), Kimbell, L., “Rethinking design thinking: Part II” (2012) |
Promoting user-centricity in short-term ideation workshops | “Design thinking can be described as the interplay between diverging phases of exploring problem and solution spaces, and converging phases of synthesizing and selecting” | Lindberg, T., Meinel, C. & Wagner, R., “Design thinking: A fruitful concept for IT development?” (2011) |
“… design thinking as the overlapping spaces of inspiration, ideation, and implementation rather than a sequence of orderly process steps.” | Brown, T. and Wyatt, J., “Design thinking for social innovation” (2010) | |
“… ‘human-centric methodology [that …] blends an end-user focus with multidisciplinary collaboration and iterative improvement to produce innovative products’.” | Meinel, C. and Leifer, L., “Design thinking research, design thinking: understand—improve—apply” (2011) | |
Open business model innovation: Literature review and agenda for future research | “Design thinking describes different participatory innovation methods involving experimentation, tangible resources and game-like innovation activities to stimulate the creative exploration of innovative solutions …” | Burr J., Guriksen S., “Interactive pinball business” (2012) |
Application of design thinking towards a PSS concept definition: A case study | “Design thinking (DT) is a human-centered design approach composed by particular mindsets and interrelated methods.” | N/A |
Design LED innovation: Shifting from smart follower to digital strategy leader in the Australian airport sector | “Design thinking describes the way in which designers think, and the approaches and processes utilised in solving problems that may be wicked in nature …” | Kimbell, L., “Rethinking design thinking: Part I” (2011) |