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A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 5 Results of coding on the value of design thinking for business model innovation

From: Applying design thinking for business model innovation

Categories

Codes

Examples

Methodology (n = 44)

Methodologies (n = 2)

The application of the design methodology can be effective for business model innovation, such as using prototyping to facilitate disruption (Amano et al., 2017)

Tools (n = 8)

Design tools can lead to quality dialogues over (re)framing of problems and future business scenarios, followed by qualitative judgment on the most promising scenario (Gudiksen et al., 2014)

Approaches (n = 25)

Design thinking approach can be used to develop design opportunities (innovations) and projects/solutions based on problem solving in context (Blois, 2015)

Methods (n = 6)

Design thinking methods can be used to create a design-driven innovation methodology to create business model prototypes (Wang et al., 2021)

Ways (n = 6)

Designers’ way of generative modelling and visual thinking can be used to make new discoveries of business model inventions (Simonse, 2014)

Processes (n = 2)

“The ‘design thinking’ elements stimulate the ideation process and help to harmonise often conflicting stakeholder interests” (Geissdoerfer et al., 2016, p. 1218)

Activities (n = 2)

The tangible business modelling activities can be seen as design thinking with hands and body (Buur & Gudiksen, 2012)

Learning styles (n = 1)

Design processes, activities and learning styles can improve dialogues on business model development and get participants to work with ‘future state’ alternatives for approaching business model development (Gudiksen, 2012)

Learning processes (n = 1)

The iterative learning process (i.e. prototyping) in design thinking plays a vital role in identifying a right direction among a wide range of directions business model innovation can possibly take (Amano, 2014)

Principles (n = 1)

Design thinking principles can be used to increase the innovation capability of companies in the early development phase of new business models (Heck et al., 2018)

Ways of thinking (n = 2)

Ways of thinking (n = 2)

Designers’ way of generative modelling and visual thinking can be used to make new discoveries of business model inventions (Simonse, 2014)