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A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 3 Student characteristics

From: Project-based entrepreneurial learning (PBEL): a blended model for startup creations at higher education institutions

Tenant number/year

Knowledge integration

Project ability (reflective)

Self-efficacy

Total

Other

ideas

Own

idea

Advance one’s own idea

Create a business plan

Objectify a business plan

Find solutions

Big

Resistance

Area

Score

2019

 1

4

5

4

4

4

4

3

4

4

36

 2

6

5

4

5

5

6

2

1

1

35

 3

6

6

5

5

5

5

4

5

6

47

 4

4

5

4

5

4

6

3

2

3

36

 5

6

4

5

7

6

5

3

2

3

41

 6

7

7

7

7

7

7

1

1

1

45

 7

7

7

7

6

6

6

2

4

3

48

 8

7

7

7

7

7

7

2

2

2

48

2020

 1

5

5

5

4

4

4

3

4

4

38

 2

6

5

5

4

5

6

4

2

2

39

 3

6

6

5

6

5

5

4

5

6

48

 4

6

5

6

5

5

6

3

4

3

43

 5

6

4

5

4

4

5

3

2

3

36

 6

7

6

7

7

6

7

3

3

4

50

 7

5

5

5

4

5

5

3

3

3

38

 8

7

7

7

7

7

7

4

3

3

52

2021

 1

7

7

7

6

6

6

2

4

3

48

 2

6

5

4

5

5

6

2

2

2

37

 3

5

5

4

5

5

5

2

2

2

35

 4

7

7

7

6

6

6

2

4

3

48

 5

6

5

4

5

5

5

2

1

2

35

 6

4

5

4

5

4

6

3

2

3

36

 7

7

6

7

6

6

6

3

4

3

48

 8

7

7

6

7

7

7

2

3

2

48

 9

7

6

7

6

7

7

2

3

3

48

 10

7

7

7

6

6

6

2

4

3

48

 11

6

5

4

5

5

6

2

1

1

35