Table 1 Determinants of firms’ innovation performance

Interaction with user communities

Prause and Thurner (2014); Schütz et al. (2019); Wang et al. (2020); Costa et al. (2021)

Interaction with academia

Guzzini and Iacobucci (2017); Kobarg et al. (2017); Wang et al. (2020); Atta-Owusu et al. (2021)

Interaction with industry

Stejskal et al. (2018); Damioli et al. (2019); Wang et al. (2020); Basit (2021)

Interaction with government

Afzal et al. (2018); Wang et al., 2020; Afcha and Lucena (2022)

Human capital intensity

Basit (2021); Costa et al. (2021); Odei et al., (2021); Afcha and Lucena (2022)

International trade

Shu and Steinwender (2019); Geng and Kali (2021); Odei et al. (2021); Kampik and Dachs (2011)

Size

Kampik and Dachs (2011); Hashi and Stojčić (2013); Basit (2021); Costa et al. (2021)

Technological regime

Doran and Jordan (2016); Kampik and Dachs (2011); Basit (2021); Costa et al. (2021)