A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 6 Innovation performance and characteristics by helix interaction
Interaction with | N | Product innovation | Process innovation | Organizational innovation | Marketing innovation | Science-based firms | Highly skilled human capital | Exporting firm | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
User community | 2273 | 1388 | 61.06 | 1116 | 49.10 | 1045 | 45.97 | 787 | 34.62 | 187 | 8.23 | 293 | 12.89 | 1735 | 76.33 |
Government | 2417 | 1167 | 48.28 | 959 | 39.68 | 922 | 38.15 | 705 | 29.17 | 173 | 7.16 | 280 | 11.58 | 1698 | 70.25 |
Academia | 652 | 493 | 75.61 | 418 | 64.11 | 391 | 59.97 | 292 | 44.79 | 103 | 15.8 | 145 | 22.24 | 510 | 78.22 |
Industry | 1156 | 878 | 75.95 | 715 | 61.85 | 696 | 60.21 | 536 | 46.37 | 158 | 13.67 | 236 | 20.42 | 873 | 75.52 |