Table 3 Firm level determinants of employment growth in the service sector.
From: What drives the dynamics of employment growth in firms? Evidence from East Africa
Variables | Model (1) | Model (2) | Model (3) | Model (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Firm specific factors | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Firm age | − 0.000 (0.000) | − 0.001*** (0.000) | − 0.001** (0.000) | − 0.001*** (0.000) |
 ln age squared | − 0.027 (0.021) | − 0.027* (0.016) | − 0.028* (0.016) |  |
Size (small = base category) | ||||
 Medium | 0.021* (0.012) |  |  |  |
 Large | 0.036** (0.015) |  |  |  |
Ownership (domestic = base category) | ||||
 Foreign ownership | 0.018 (0.014) | − 0.010 (0.014) | − 0.005 (0.014) | − 0.007 (0.014) |
 Use website (1 = yes) | 0.006 (0.011) | 0.001 (0.010) | − 0.004 (0.010) | − 0.000 (0.010) |
 Innovation (1 = yes) | 0.018 (0.011) | 0.001 (0.009) |  | 0.001 (0.009) |
Business environment factors | ||||
 Courts (1 = yes) | − 0.011 (0.012) | − 0.013 (0.009) | − 0.014 (0.009) | − 0.015* (0.009) |
 Electricity (1 = yes) | − 0.007 (0.015) | − 0.019* (0.010) | − 0.019* (0.010) |  |
 Informal payments | − 0.000 (0.001) |  | − 0.002*** (0.001) | − 0.002*** (0.001) |
 Access to finance (2 = no) | 0.015 (0.011) | 0.024** (0.010) |  | 0.023** (0.010) |
 Business licensing (1 = yes) | − 0.002 (0.012) | 0.009 (0.009) | 0.009 (0.009) | 0.007 (0.009) |
 Competition (1 = yes) | 0.017* (0.011) | 0.001 (0.009) | 0.001 (0.009) | − 0.000 (0.009) |
Entrepreneur specific factors | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Managerial experience | − 0.005 (0.013) | 0.010 (0.009) | 0.008 (0.009) | 0.011 (0.009) |
 Gender (1 = female) | − 0.011 (0.015) | − 0.020* (0.011) | − 0.022** (0.011) | − 0.019* (0.011) |
 Formal training (1 = yes) | − 0.020* (0.011) | − 0.001 (0.009) | 0.001 (0.009) | 0.001 (0.009) |
Interactions | ||||
 Small X informal payments |  | − 0.003*** (0.001) |  |  |
 Medium X informal payments |  | − 0.001 (0.001) |  |  |
 Large X informal payments |  | 0.000 (0.005) |  |  |
 Small X access to finance |  |  | 0.008 (0.012) |  |
 Medium X access to finance |  |  | 0.044*** (0.015) |  |
 Large X access to finance |  |  | 0.125*** (0.024) |  |
 Small X electricity obstacle |  |  |  | (0.000) 0.034* |
 Medium X electricity obstacle |  |  |  | (0.032) − 0.008 |
 Large X electricity obstacle |  |  |  | (0.014) 0.050** |
 Constant | 0.138 (0.099) | 0.155** (0.072) | 0.169** (0.072) | 0.007 (0.021) |
 Country specific effect | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
 Observations | 559 | 741 | 758 | 741 |
 R2 | 0.054 | 0.103 | 0.104 | 0.112 |