Fig. 1From: The academic firm: a new design and redesign proposition for entrepreneurship in innovation-driven knowledge economyKnowledge production and linear and non-linear innovation interaction between academic firms, commercial firms, and universities (higher education institutions). Source: Authors' own conceptualization based on Carayannis and Campbell (2009, p. 211; 2012, p. 25) and on Campbell and Carayannis (2013, p. 29)Back to article page