Examining the differences between the motivations of traditional and entrepreneurial scientists

Huszár, Sándor; Prónay, Szabolcs; Buzás, Norbert

doi:10.1186/s13731-016-0054-8

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 10 Independent-samples test

From: Examining the differences between the motivations of traditional and entrepreneurial scientists

		Levene’s test for equality of variances		t test for equality of means
		F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean difference	Std. error difference	95 % confidence interval of the difference
		F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean difference	Std. error difference	Lower	Upper
M1—to collect industrial feedback on the applicability of my invention	Equal variances assumed	1.340	.248	−1.405	273	.161	−.26667	.18973	−.64019	.10686
	Equal variances not assumed			−1.801	43.778	.079	−.26667	.14803	−.56504	.03171
M8—to ensure direct control over the commercialization of my invention	Equal variances assumed	1.889	.170	−2.196	273	.029	−.41562	.18927	−.78823	−.04300
	Equal variances not assumed			−3.109	46.191	.003	−.41562	.13367	−.68464	−.14659
M2—to ensure an ecosystem that is more flexible than the university for the further development of my invention	Equal variances assumed	.011	.918	−1.236	265	.218	−.22996	.18603	−.59625	.13633
	Equal variances not assumed			−1.221	36.478	.230	−.22996	.18837	−.61182	.15190
M7—to demonstrate the practical relevance of my research to family/friends	Equal variances assumed	2.946	.087	−2.782	289	.006	−.66667	.23967	−1.13838	−.19495
	Equal variances not assumed			−2.392	33.712	.022	−.66667	.27873	−1.23329	−.10004
M5—to increase my scientific reputation through entrepreneurship	Equal variances assumed	.004	.952	−1.272	289	.204	−.30268	.23799	−.77109	.16572
	Equal variances not assumed			−1.319	36.705	.195	−.30268	.22942	−.76766	.16230
M6—to increase my social reputation through entrepreneurship	Equal variances assumed	1.009	.316	−.792	290	.429	−.18651	.23557	−.65015	.27713
	Equal variances not assumed			−.882	38.258	.384	−.18651	.21158	−.61474	.24172
M9—to benefit society with my invention	Equal variances assumed	.391	.532	−.747	293	.456	−.14528	.19458	−.52823	.23767
M9—to benefit society with my invention	Equal variances not assumed			−.845	38.538	.404	−.14528	.17201	−.49334	.20277
M11—to secure a job if my university position is terminated	Equal variances assumed	6.632	.011	−1.112	280	.267	−.27668	.24871	−.76626	.21290
M11—to secure a job if my university position is terminated	Equal variances not assumed			−1.258	37.321	.216	−.27668	.22002	−.72234	.16898
M10—to secure jobs for young researchers at my spin-off company	Equal variances assumed	.181	.671	−2.217	288	.027	−.42179	.19024	−.79622	−.04737
	Equal variances not assumed			−2.730	41.279	.009	−.42179	.15449	−.73373	−.10986
M3—to increase my personal income from my entrepreneurial activities	Equal variances assumed	.544	.461	−1.202	295	.230	−.20150	.16767	−.53149	.12849
	Equal variances not assumed			−1.496	41.264	.142	−.20150	.13467	−.47342	.07042
M4—to obtain financial resources for further research	Equal variances assumed	.986	.322	−1.663	293	.097	−.27987	.16827	−.61104	.05129
M4—to obtain financial resources for further research	Equal variances not assumed			−2.065	41.278	.045	−.27987	.13553	−.55353	−.00622

Source: authors’ compilation

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