A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 5 ADF test results
From: Exploring science-and-technology-led innovation: a cross-country study
IT | Aero | Pharmacy | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | t value | p value | Variables | t value | p value | Variables | t value | p value |
EXPORT_IT | − 10.53 | 0.01 | EXPORT_AERO | − 11.47 | 0.01 | EXPORT_PHAR | − 14.85 | 0.01 |
BERD% | − 9.85 | 0.01 | BERD% | − 9.85 | 0.01 | BERG% | − 9.85 | 0.01 |
GERD% | − 8.70 | 0.01 | GERD% | − 8.70 | 0.01 | GERD% | − 8.70 | 0.01 |
GOVERD% | − 8.24 | 0.01 | GOVERD% | − 8.24 | 0.01 | GOVERD% | − 8.24 | 0.01 |
GOVER_RESEACHER% | − 9.84 | 0.01 | GOVER_RESEACHER% | − 9.84 | 0.01 | GOVER_RESEACHER% | − 9.84 | 0.01 |
BUS_RESEARCHER% | − 9.32 | 0.01 | BUS_RESEARCHER% | − 9.32 | 0.01 | BUS_RESEARCHER% | − 9.32 | 0.01 |
HERD% | − 7.10 | 0.01 | HERD% | − 7.10 | 0.01 | HERD% | − 7.10 | 0.01 |
HIGH_RESEARCHER% | − 11.33 | 0.01 | HIGH_RESEARCHER% | − 11.33 | 0.01 | HIGH_RESEARCHER% | − 11.33 | 0.01 |
PATENT_ICT | − 12.44 | 0.01 | PATENT_ICT | − 12.44 | 0.01 | PATENT_BIO | − 11.27 | 0.01 |
PATENT_TRIADIC | − 13.01 | 0.01 | PATENT_TRIADIC | − 13.01 | 0.01 | PATENT_TRIADIC | − 13.01 | 0.01 |
PATENT_PCT | − 12.82 | 0.01 | PATENT_PCT | − 12.82 | 0.01 | PATENT_PCT | − 12.82 | 0.01 |
COOP_COINVENTOR% | − 9.54 | 0.01 | COOP_COINVENTOR% | − 9.54 | 0.01 | COOP_COINVENTOR% | − 9.54 | 0.01 |
COOP_OWN% | − 9.11 | 0.01 | COOP_OWN% | − 9.11 | 0.01 | COOP_OWN% | − 9.11 | 0.01 |
COOP_ABROAD% | − 7.49 | 0.01 | COOP_ABROAD% | − 7.49 | 0.01 | COOP_ABROAD% | − 7.49 | 0.01 |
PATENT_ ENV | − 12.38 | 0.01 | PATENT_ ENV | − 12.38 | 0.01 | PATENT_PHARMA | − 11.21 | 0.01 |
INCOME_LEVEL | − 7.98 | 0.01 | INCOME_LEVEL | − 7.98 | 0.01 | INCOME_LEVEL | − 7.98 | 0.01 |
OECD_MEM | − 8.62 | 0.01 | OECD_MEM | − 8.62 | 0.01 | OECD_MEM | − 8.62 | 0.01 |
GERD_BUS_PERFORM | − 9.88 | 0.01 | GERD_BUS_PERFORM | − 9.88 | 0.01 | GERD_BUS_PERFORM | − 9.88 | 0.01 |
GERD_GOV_PERFORM | − 8.44 | 0.01 | GERD_GOV_PERFORM | − 8.44 | 0.01 | GERD_GOV_PERFORM | − 8.44 | 0.01 |
GERD_HIGH_PERFORM | − 11.74 | 0.01 | GERD_HIGH_PERFORM | − 11.74 | 0.01 | GERD_HIGH_PERFORM | − 11.74 | 0.01 |
GERD_OTHER_FINANCE | − 11.04 | 0.01 | GERD_OTHER_FINANCE | − 11.04 | 0.01 | GERD_OTHER_FINANCE | − 11.04 | 0.01 |
GERD_GOV_FINANCE | − 9.73 | 0.01 | GERD_GOV_FINANCE | − 9.73 | 0.01 | GERD_GOV_FINANCE | − 9.73 | 0.01 |
GERD_IND_FINANCE | − 9.20 | 0.01 | GERD_IND_FINANCE | − 9.20 | 0.01 | GERD_IND_FINANCE | − 9.20 | 0.01 |
GERD_ABROAD_FINANCE | − 7.65 | 0.01 | GERD_ABROAD_FINANCE | − 7.65 | 0.01 | GERD_ABROAD_FINANCE | − 7.65 | 0.01 |
PATENT_EPO | − 14.13 | 0.01 | PATENT_EPO | − 14.13 | 0.01 | PATENT_EPO | − 14.13 | 0.01 |