Table 7 Interaction between innovation and the business environment
From: Innovation and employment growth: evidence from manufacturing firms in Africa
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Employment growth | Employment growth | Employment growth | |
| Innov (0 = no innovation) | |||
| 1 (= Process/Product) | 0.07* | ||
| (0.0322) | |||
| 2 (= Process × Product) | 0.1** | ||
| (0.0371) | |||
| Process (1 = yes) | 0.10** | ||
| (0.0304) | |||
| Product (1 = yes) | 0.09** | ||
| (0.0314) | |||
| Electricity (1 = yes) | 0.01 | 0.01 | − 0.003 |
| (0.0190) | (0.0181) | (0.0168) | |
| Bureaucracy | − 0.0006 | − 0.0006 | − 0.0007+ |
| (0.000420) | (0.000399) | (0.000375) | |
| Bribe | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.0005 |
| (0.00142) | (0.00144) | (0.00131) | |
| Competition | − 0.007 | − 0.005 | − 0.02 |
| (0.0186) | (0.0172) | (0.0160) | |
| Innovation × Electricity | |||
| 1 | − 0.09** | ||
| (0.0340) | |||
| 2 | − 0.09** | ||
| (0.0345) | |||
| Innovation × Bureaucracy | 0.00010 | ||
| (0.000312) | |||
| Innovation × Bribe | − 0.0005 | ||
| (0.000989) | |||
| Innovation × Competition | |||
| 1 | − 0.02 | ||
| (0.0308) | |||
| 2 | − 0.0007 | ||
| (0.0285) | |||
| Process × Electricity | − 0.08** | ||
| (0.0286) | |||
| Process × Bureaucracy | 0.00008 | ||
| (0.000525) | |||
| Process × Bribe | − 0.001 | ||
| (0.00190) | |||
| Process × Competition | − 0.009 | ||
| (0.0245) | |||
| Product × Electricity | − 0.07* | ||
| (0.0299) | |||
| Product × Bureaucracy | 0.0003 | ||
| (0.000531) | |||
| Product × Bribe | 0.0004 | ||
| (0.00189) | |||
| Product × Competition | 0.02 | ||
| (0.0248) | |||
| Country fixed effects | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| ISIC | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Constant | 0.4*** | 0.4*** | 0.4*** |
| (0.0570) | (0.0567) | (0.0558) | |
| N | 5389 | 5337 | 5370 |
| R 2 | 0.068 | 0.065 | 0.068 |
| Adj. R2 | 0.056 | 0.054 | 0.057 |
