Relationship between faculty characteristics and their entrepreneurial orientation in higher education institutions in Kuwait

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 1 Distribution of the sample

Variable	Category			n	%
Gender	Male			196	67.4
Gender	Female			95	32.6
Education level	Masters/MBA			64	26.8
Education level	Ph.D.			186	73.2
Age	25–34 years			53	18.2
	35–44 years			152	52.2
	≥ 45			86	29.6
Employer	HEI 1			43	14.8
	HEI 2			42	14.4
	HEI 3			26	8.9
	HEI 4			28	9.6
	HEI 5			95	32.6
	HEI 6			34	11.7
	HEI 7			14	4.8
	HEI 8			9	3.1
Academic field	Business			210	72.2
Academic field	Engineering			81	27.8
Number of publications	0–1			120	41.2
	2–5			128	43.9
	6–10			26	8.8
	More than 10			17	5.9
Management style	Authority–compliance (efficiency)—1			81	27.8
	Impoverished management (laissez-faire management)—2			38	13.1
	Country club management (friendly atmosphere)—3			40	13.7
	Middle of the road management (balancing work and people)—4			79	27.1
	Team management (trust and respect)—5			53	18.2
Descriptive statistics
Teaching experience	Mean = 12.6	Stdev = 6.2	Min = 0	Max = 33
Industrial experience	Mean = 4.5	Stdev = 4.6	Min = 0	Max = 25

The HEI type of ownership variable (private/public) was dropped since the responses received from private HEI staff members largely outnumbered the other category. Only 10 respondents from Kuwaiti public HEI completed the questionnaire