A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 12 Cluster analysis
Soft skills | Total | Year of Establ. < 1980 | Higher education | High Bus. resilience | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 266 | n = 12 | n = 176 | n = 109 | |||||
Aver. | Aver. | Var. | Aver. | Var. | Aver. | Var. | ||
Generic Questions | Business training importance | 8.45 | 7.92 | 0.53 | 8.57 | − 0.12 | 8.34 | 0.11 |
Business training frequency | 5.36 | 5.42 | − 0.06 | 5.62 | − 0.26 | 5.56 | − 0.20 | |
Effects from COVI19 crisis | 6.85 | 7.17 | − 0.32 | 6.66 | 0.19 | 5.86 | 0.99 | |
Effects from other crises | 5.49 | 6.75 | − 1.26 | 5.34 | 0.16 | 5.01 | 0.48 | |
Business resiliency | 7.81 | 7.17 | 0.64 | 7.16 | 0.65 | 8.67 | − 0.86 | |
Generic Skills | Goal Setting Importance | 8.96 | 8.42 | 0.54 | 8.51 | 0.46 | 8.58 | 0.38 |
Goal Setting Adequacy | 7.31 | 7.50 | − 0.19 | 7.28 | 0.02 | 7.43 | − 0.12 | |
Continuous learning Importance | 8.73 | 9.00 | − 0.27 | 8.60 | 0.13 | 8.83 | − 0.10 | |
Continuous learning Adequacy | 7.77 | 7.67 | 0.10 | 7.34 | 0.43 | 7.67 | 0.10 | |
Critical thinking Importance | 7.73 | 8.75 | − 1.02 | 8.38 | − 0.65 | 8.31 | − 0.57 | |
Critical thinking Adequacy | 6.46 | 8.33 | − 1.87 | 7.59 | − 1.13 | 7.71 | − 1.25 | |
Creativity Importance | 8.88 | 8.83 | 0.05 | 8.72 | 0.16 | 8.71 | 0.17 | |
Creativity Adequacy | 7.88 | 8.17 | − 0.29 | 7.66 | 0.22 | 7.80 | 0.08 | |
Communication Importance | 9.21 | 9.33 | − 0.13 | 9.24 | − 0.03 | 9.22 | − 0.02 | |
Communication Adequacy | 7.75 | 8.00 | − 0.25 | 7.65 | 0.10 | 7.87 | − 0.12 | |
Empathy Importance | 8.08 | 8.08 | 0.00 | 8.32 | − 0.23 | 8.31 | − 0.23 | |
Empathy Adequacy | 7.54 | 7.67 | − 0.13 | 7.62 | − 0.08 | 7.78 | − 0.24 | |
Cooperation, Teamwork Importance | 9.00 | 8.83 | 0.17 | 8.75 | 0.25 | 8.82 | 0.18 | |
Cooperation, Teamwork Adequacy | 7.54 | 7.36 | 0.18 | 7.62 | − 0.08 | 7.87 | − 0.32 | |
Adaptability (incl. Flexibility) Importance | 9.30 | 8.91 | 0.40 | 8.87 | 0.44 | 8.84 | 0.46 | |
Adaptability (incl. Flexibility) Adequacy | 8.22 | 7.82 | 0.40 | 7.78 | 0.44 | 8.10 | 0.11 | |
Planning and organisation Importance | 9.21 | 8.75 | 0.46 | 8.98 | 0.23 | 8.79 | 0.42 | |
Planning and organisation Adequacy | 7.38 | 7.58 | − 0.21 | 7.56 | − 0.18 | 7.57 | − 0.19 | |
Negotiation Importance | 7.92 | 8.55 | − 0.63 | 8.47 | − 0.55 | 8.31 | − 0.39 | |
Negotiation Adequacy | 7.17 | 7.45 | − 0.29 | 7.11 | 0.05 | 7.35 | − 0.19 | |
Decision making Importance | 8.83 | 9.17 | − 0.33 | 9.06 | − 0.22 | 9.08 | − 0.25 | |
Decision making Adequacy | 7.63 | 8.33 | − 0.71 | 7.81 | − 0.18 | 8.16 | − 0.54 | |
Leadership Importance | 8.21 | 9.08 | − 0.88 | 8.80 | − 0.60 | 8.76 | − 0.55 | |
Leadership Adequacy | 7.38 | 7.67 | − 0.29 | 7.60 | − 0.23 | 7.60 | − 0.23 | |
Mobilising Resources Importance | 9.00 | 9.17 | − 0.17 | 8.77 | 0.23 | 8.74 | 0.26 | |
Mobilising Resources Adequacy | 7.00 | 7.42 | − 0.42 | 7.26 | − 0.26 | 7.52 | − 0.52 | |
Professional Skills | Time management Importance | 8.50 | 8.18 | 0.32 | 8.66 | − 0.16 | 8.67 | − 0.17 |
Time management Adequacy | 6.79 | 6.55 | 0.25 | 7.00 | − 0.21 | 7.43 | − 0.64 | |
Customer-orientation Importance | 8.74 | 9.10 | − 0.36 | 8.78 | − 0.04 | 8.83 | − 0.09 | |
Customer-orientation Adequacy | 7.43 | 8.40 | − 0.97 | 7.46 | − 0.02 | 7.80 | − 0.36 | |
Networking Importance | 8.29 | 9.00 | − 0.71 | 8.53 | − 0.24 | 8.53 | − 0.24 | |
Networking Adequacy | 6.92 | 7.82 | − 0.90 | 7.04 | − 0.12 | 7.28 | − 0.36 | |
Digital Communication Importance | 8.46 | 9.09 | − 0.63 | 8.65 | − 0.19 | 8.58 | − 0.12 | |
Digital Communication Adequacy | 7.29 | 7.09 | 0.20 | 7.37 | − 0.08 | 7.66 | − 0.37 | |
Data Security Importance | 8.50 | 8.55 | − 0.05 | 8.47 | 0.03 | 8.54 | − 0.04 | |
Data Security Adequacy | 7.67 | 7.27 | 0.39 | 7.51 | 0.16 | 7.67 | − 0.01 | |
Data and information management Importance | 7.75 | 7.50 | 0.25 | 8.13 | − 0.38 | 8.08 | − 0.33 | |
Data and information management Adequacy | 6.92 | 6.50 | 0.42 | 7.06 | − 0.15 | 7.12 | − 0.20 | |
Accessing, extracting and processing information Importance | 7.39 | 7.08 | 0.31 | 7.96 | − 0.57 | 7.83 | − 0.44 | |
Accessing, extracting and processing information Adequacy | 6.52 | 6.08 | 0.44 | 6.88 | − 0.35 | 6.87 | − 0.35 | |
Evaluation, analysis and synthesis of information and data Importance | 7.91 | 7.64 | 0.28 | 8.35 | − 0.44 | 8.21 | − 0.29 | |
Evaluation, analysis and synthesis of information and data Adequacy | 6.52 | 6.55 | − 0.02 | 7.14 | − 0.62 | 7.11 | − 0.59 | |
Financial and economic resources management Importance | 9.09 | 8.75 | 0.34 | 8.94 | 0.15 | 9.03 | 0.06 | |
Financial and economic resources management Adequacy | 7.30 | 7.83 | − 0.53 | 7.61 | − 0.30 | 7.92 | − 0.62 | |
Teaching, supporting and guiding other peopleImportance | 8.70 | 8.67 | 0.03 | 8.60 | 0.09 | 8.60 | 0.09 | |
Teaching, supporting and guiding other peopleAdequacy | 7.35 | 7.25 | 0.10 | 7.42 | − 0.07 | 7.46 | − 0.11 | |
Health and Safety | Providing for health and safety at work Importance | 8.71 | 9.67 | − 0.96 | 8.49 | 0.21 | 8.19 | 0.52 |
Providing for health and safety at work Adequacy | 8.88 | 8.67 | 0.21 | 8.27 | 0.61 | 8.42 | 0.46 | |
Ensuring public health and consumer protection Importance | 8.83 | 9.50 | − 0.67 | 8.49 | 0.34 | 8.10 | 0.72 | |
Ensuring public health and consumer protection Adequacy | 8.13 | 8.75 | − 0.62 | 8.10 | 0.03 | 8.06 | 0.07 | |
Characteristics, Attitudes and Values | Reliability Importance | 9.33 | 9.17 | 0.17 | 9.48 | − 0.14 | 9.54 | − 0.21 |
Reliability Adequacy | 8.50 | 8.75 | − 0.25 | 8.79 | − 0.29 | 8.94 | − 0.44 | |
Initiative and taking action Importance | 9.00 | 8.58 | 0.42 | 9.01 | − 0.01 | 9.05 | − 0.05 | |
Initiative and taking action Adequacy | 8.04 | 7.83 | 0.21 | 8.17 | − 0.13 | 8.34 | − 0.30 | |
Self-confidence Importance | 8.00 | 8.67 | − 0.67 | 8.76 | − 0.76 | 8.58 | − 0.58 | |
Self-confidence Adequacy | 7.29 | 8.17 | − 0.87 | 7.92 | − 0.63 | 8.02 | − 0.73 | |
Perseverance Importance | 9.21 | 9.00 | 0.21 | 9.16 | 0.05 | 8.92 | 0.29 | |
Perseverance Adequacy | 8.04 | 8.08 | − 0.04 | 8.28 | − 0.24 | 8.47 | − 0.43 | |
Integrity Importance | 9.50 | 8.92 | 0.58 | 9.49 | 0.01 | 9.51 | − 0.01 | |
Integrity Adequacy | 9.54 | 9.17 | 0.38 | 9.24 | 0.30 | 9.51 | 0.03 | |
Work ethics Importance | 9.46 | 9.18 | 0.28 | 9.42 | 0.04 | 9.39 | 0.07 | |
Work ethics Adequacy | 9.21 | 9.33 | − 0.13 | 9.28 | − 0.08 | 9.43 | − 0.22 | |
Risk Management | Risk identification and assessment Importance | 9.04 | 8.92 | 0.13 | 8.94 | 0.10 | 9.09 | − 0.05 |
Risk identification and assessment Adequacy | 7.57 | 7.67 | − 0.10 | 7.52 | 0.05 | 7.72 | − 0.16 | |
Resilience planning Importance | 8.32 | 8.83 | − 0.52 | 8.37 | − 0.05 | 8.45 | − 0.13 | |
Resilience planning Adequacy | 6.82 | 7.92 | − 1.10 | 6.98 | − 0.16 | 7.20 | − 0.38 | |
Impact analysis Importance | 8.27 | 8.50 | − 0.23 | 8.35 | − 0.08 | 8.22 | 0.05 | |
Impact analysis Adequacy | 6.73 | 7.42 | − 0.69 | 6.99 | − 0.27 | 7.22 | − 0.49 | |
Recovery Strategy, Communication and Coordination Importance | 8.48 | 8.75 | − 0.27 | 8.67 | − 0.19 | 8.56 | − 0.08 | |
Recovery Strategy, Communication and Coordination Adequacy | 6.65 | 7.50 | − 0.85 | 7.18 | − 0.52 | 7.37 | − 0.72 | |
Seeking advice–Receptiveness–Openness Importance | 9.23 | 8.83 | 0.39 | 8.72 | 0.51 | 8.45 | 0.78 | |
Seeking advice–Receptiveness–Openness Adequacy | 7.50 | 7.58 | − 0.08 | 7.38 | 0.12 | 7.26 | 0.24 | |