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A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 2 Convergent validity and reliability (N = 475)

From: The effect of e-commerce livestreaming services on customer loyalty: a test of the chain mediation model

Constructs

No. of items

Mean

SD

CR

AVE

FLR

AA

5

4.811

1.279

0.893

0.626

0.706–0.845

FL

5

4.889

1.156

0.874

0.583

0.627–0.822

FS

3

4.929

1.318

0.896

0.743

0.808–0.900

NC

4

4.875

1.267

0.908

0.712

0.827–0.861

VC

4

4.970

1.238

0.894

0.680

0.792–0.860

SS

4

4.999

1.186

0.903

0.699

0.821–0.854

CE

6

4.522

1.356

0.934

0.702

0.815–0.878

FV

3

4.608

1.312

0.892

0.735

0.825–0.888

HV

3

4.686

1.261

0.882

0.714

0.826–0.867

SV

3

4.592

1.348

0.911

0.773

0.870–0.896

CL

5

4.796

1.228

0.926

0.715

0.792–0.869

  1. AA aesthetic appeal, FL layout and functionality, FS financial security, NC Nonverbal communication, VC verbal communication, SS service skills, CE customer engagement, FV functional value, HV hedonic value, SV social value, CL customer loyalty, CR composite reliability, AVE average variance extracted, FLR factor loading range