A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 1 Main characteristics of industrial revolutions (Prisecaru, 2016)
Period | Transition period | Energy resource a | Main technical achievement | Main developed industries | Transport means |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I: 1760–1900 | 1860–1900 | Coal | Steam engine | Textile, steel | Train |
II: 1900–1960 | 1940–1960 | Oil electricity | Internal combustion engine | Metallurgy, auto, machine building | Train, car |
III: 1960–2000 | 1980–2000 | Nuclear energy Natural gas | Computers, robots | Auto, chemistry | Car, plane |
IV: 2000– | 2000–2010 | Green energies | Internet, 3D printer, genetic engineering | High Tech industries | Electric car, ultra-fast train |