Table 1 Cross-industry technology usage associated with mineral exploration

Induced polarization

Environmental applications, temperature measurement, geochemistry, delineation of contaminant plumes

(Smith, 2016, Kwan and Müller, 2020, Auken et al., 2015, Mashhadi & Ramazi, 2018, Kaminski & Viezzoli, 2017)

Longwave infrared hyperspectral imaging

Agriculture, vegetation science, construction, security, medical

(Hecker et al., 2019, Nadal et al., 2017, Tratt et al., 2016, Weksler et al., 2016)

UAV magnetics

Defense, archaeology, engineering/construction

(Funaki et al., 2014, Jackisch et al., 2019, Macharet et al., 2016)

UAV hyperspectral imaging

Natural hazard, aerospace, defense, civil engineering, environmental sciences, archaeology, construction

(Adao et al., 2017, Banerjee et al., 2020, Dutta et al., 2019, Kirsch et al., 2018, West et al., 2018, Kurz & Buckley, 2016)

Light detection and ranging

Archaeology, cultural heritage documentation, forestry, construction, corridor mapping, hazard assessment, agriculture

(Chase et al., 2011, Favorskaya et al., 2017, McCoy et al., 2011, Mora et al., 2015, Thiel & Schmullius, 2017)

Ground-based hyperspectral imaging

Natural hazards, defense, civil engineering, construction, environmental, archaeology, industrial engineering, agriculture, medical, art, defense, mining

(Khan et al., 2018, Kirsch et al., 2019, Krupnik & Khan, 2019, Kurz et al., 2010, Stuart et al., 2019, Wendel & Underwood, 2017)

Magnetotellurics

Groundwater exploration, buried waste, archaeology, agriculture, geothermal

(Aivazpourporgou et al., 2015, Aizawa et al., 2009, Heinson et al., 2018, Wannamaker et al., 2019, Karshakov et al., 2020)

Ground-floor electromagnetics

Groundwater mapping, engineering, medical

(Bengert et al., 2020, Cameron et al., 2014, Rageh et al., 2020)