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Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 3 Female unemployment, active mobile money agents and time to start a business by a female

From: Female unemployment, mobile money innovations and doing business by females

 

Dependent variable: Time to start a business by a female

Active mobile money agents per 100 000 adults (Oaa1)

Active mobile money agents per 1000 km2 (Oaa2)

OLS

Q.10

Q.25

Q.50

Q.75

Q.90

OLS

Q.10

Q.25

Q.50

Q.75

Q.90

Constant

− 19.875*

− 11.260**

− 12.266*

− 10.329

− 11.812

40.648***

− 15.552

− 10.497**

− 13.872**

− 10.465

− 9.000

36.872***

(0.089)

(0.016)

(0.068)

(0.331)

(0.656)

(0.000)

(0.158)

(0.024)

(0.029)

(0.324)

(0.737)

(0.000)

FUmpl

1.329***

0.925***

1.004***

0.995***

1.006**

0.707***

1.158***

0.914***

1.016***

0.993***

0.947**

0.708***

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.024)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.012)

(0.000)

Oaa1

0.0060

0.003*

0.002

− 0.0007

− 0.001

− 0.001

–

–

–

–

–

–

(0.157)

(0.057)

(0.303)

(0.873)

(0.885)

(0.439)

      

Oaa2

–

–

–

–

–

–

0.001

− 0.0003

0.0005

− 0.0008

0.001

− 0.0007

      

(0.324)

(0.687)

(0.685)

(0.704)

(0.852)

(0.214)

FUmpl × Oaa1

− 0.001*

0.0001

− 0.0002

0.0002

-0.0007

− 0.0002

–

–

–

–

–

 

(0.059)

(0.640)

(0.622)

(0.793)

(0.716)

(0.490)

      

FUmpl × Oaa2

–

–

–

–

–

–

− 0.001

0.001*

0.0003

0.0006

− 0.001

− 0.001***

      

(0.337)

(0.053)

(0.640)

(0.638)

(0.581)

(0.002)

SES

0.157**

− 0.013

0.006

0.034

0.279*

0.245***

0.171**

− 0.015

0.011

0.033

0.267

0.250***

(0.040)

(0.626)

(0.867)

(0.602)

(0.090)

(0.000)

(0.035)

(0.575)

(0.758)

(0.612)

(0.108)

(0.000)

Trade

0.077

0.041*

0.044

0.020

0.009

− 0.088***

0.035

0.029

0.045

0.018

− 0.0009

− 0.073***

(0.271)

(0.072)

(0.179)

(0.690)

(0.944)

(0.001)

(0.515)

(0.150)

(0.105)

(0.690)

(0.994)

(0.000)

FSEmp

0.124

0.085**

0.106**

0.116

0.098

− 0.051

0.095

0.091***

0.124***

0.118

0.072

− 0.052**

(0.133)

(0.010)

(0.026)

(0.122)

(0.599)

(0.166)

(0.264)

(0.006)

(0.006)

(0.117)

(0.704)

(0.016)

CostBusiness

0.189***

− 0.004

0.036**

0.055**

0.157**

0.138***

0.187***

0.0008

0.038***

0.055**

0.143**

0.150***

(0.001)

(0.644)

(0.020)

(0.028)

(0.013)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.937)

(0.008)

(0.025)

(0.022)

(0.000)

Startupprocd

1.189***

2.120***

1.647***

1.220***

0.609

0.565***

1.345***

2.019***

1.619***

1.230***

0.724

0.670***

(0.001)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.003)

(0.534)

(0.005)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.001)

(0.427)

(0.000)

Bankaccount

− 13.730***

− 8.752***

− 7.804***

− 6.510***

− 9.814**

− 39.115***

− 13.600***

− 8.191***

− 7.864***

− 6.453***

− 9.433**

− 37.143***

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.001)

(0.043)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.001)

(0.047)

(0.000)

Thresholds

 

na

na

na

na

na

na

nsa

na

na

na

 

R2/Pseudo R2

0.776

0.577

0.598

0.591

0.599

0.736

0.769

0.588

0.600

0.593

0.601

0.744

Fisher

36.32***

     

47.02***

     

Observations

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

  1. *,**,***: significance levels of 10%, 5% and 1% respectively. OLS: Ordinary Least Squares. R2 for OLS and Pseudo R2 for quantile regression. Lower quantiles (e.g., Q 0.1) signify nations where  the time to start a business by a female is least.FUmpl: Female Unemployment. OAA1: Number of active mobile money agents per 100,000 adults. OAA2: Number of active mobile money agents per 1000 km2. SES: Secondary female high school enrollment rate. Trade: trade openness. CostBusiness: The cost it takes for a woman to set up a business. Startupprocd: The procedures a woman has to go through to start a business. Bankaccount: dummy variable which takes the value 1 if women can open bankaccounts like men, 0 otherwise. na: not applicable because at least one estimated coefficient needed for the computation of the threshold is not significant. nsa; not specifically applicable because both the unconditional and conditional effects have the same signs. Bold values are significant estimated coefficients and the Fisher statistics
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