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A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 3 INO’s top 10 scientific collaborators, 1988–2021

From: Research and technology organizations as entrepreneurship instruments: the case of the Institut National d’Optique in the Canadian optics and photonics industry

Rank

Organization

Type

1

Université Laval

University

2

Defence Research and Development Canada

Government agency

3

Canadian Space Agency

Government agency

4

Université de Montréal

University

5

National Research Council Canada

Government agency

6

European Space Agency

Government agency

7

University of Toronto

University

8

University of Waterloo

University

9

ImmerVision Inc

Private enterprise

10

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Government agency