Are greener start-ups of superior quality? The impact of environmental orientation on innovativeness, growth orientation, and international orientation

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 5 OLR results

	(1) Innovativeness		(2) Growth orientation		(3) International orientation
	Coeff.	SE	Coeff.	SE	Coeff.	SE
Independent variables:
Environmental orientation	0.965***	0.091	0.301***	0.097	0.666***	0.101
Control variables:
Innovativeness			0.577***	0.042	0.424***	0.044
Growth orientation	0.289***	0.022			0.322***	0.024
International orientation	0.221***	0.023	0.279***	0.024
Gender: male	− 0.145***	0.038	0.378***	0.041	0.147***	0.044
Gender: female^a
Age	0.000	0.002	− 0.009***	0.002	− 0.002	0.002
Education: post-secondary	0.297	0.051	0.531***	0.054	0.526***	0.059
Education: secondary	0.283	0.048	0.332***	0.051	0.409***	0.057
Education: none or some secondary^a
Network: yes	0.045	0.039	0.185***	0.042	0.075*	0.045
Network: no^a
Entrepreneurial skill: yes	− 0.089	0.055	0.103*	0.059	0.149**	0.064
Entrepreneurial skill: no^a
Entrepreneurial stage: new entrepreneur	− 0.416***	0.038	− 0.883***	0.040	− 0.178***	0.043
Entrepreneurial stage: nascent entrepreneur^a
Entrepreneurial motivation: opportunity	0.251***	0.042	0.314***	0.045	0.180***	0.050
Entrepreneurial motivation: necessity^a
Fear of failure: yes	0.004	0.042	− 0.117***	0.044	0.138***	0.047
Fear of failure: no^a
GDP per capita	− 0.092***	0.012	− 0.100***	0.012	0.141***	0.012
Population growth	0.030***	0.011	0.195***	0.012	− 0.002	0.012
Goodness-of-fit:
Pseudo (McFadden) R2	.030		0.080		0.051
LR Chi2	965***		28,417***		1008***
Test of parallel lines:
LR Chi2	115***		305***		51.2***
Observations:
Total	9572		9572		9572