Open innovation: the missing nexus between entrepreneurial orientation, total quality management, and performance of SMEs

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 2 Convergent validity

Variables	Entrepreneurial orientation	Open innovation	PSMEs	Total quality management	Cronbach’s Alpha	CR	AVE
Entrepreneurial Orientation	0.861				0.861	0.906	0.706
	0.855
	0.817
	0.827
Open innovation		0.793			0.962	0.966	0.723
		0.895
		0.787
		0.838
		0.865
		0.847
		0.869
		0.886
		0.83
		0.849
		0.888
Performance of SMEs			0.767		0.918	0.932	0.603
			0.755
			0.759
			0.843
			0.781
			0.82
			0.778
			0.756
			0.724
Total quality management				0.803	0.861	0.906	0.707
				0.789
				0.915
				0.851