A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 3 Corruption level in three axes: before and after the PSI
From: Public service innovation to fight corruption: metrics and policy in Mexico 2019–2022
PSI innovation | Public–private relationship P-p | Organization | Behavior | Total | Institutionalized corruption | Social support | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | a + b + c | X1 | X2 | ||||||
Number in Table 2 | PSI | Before | After | Before | After | Before | After | Before | After | Before- 8 (**) | Estimation |
8 | Fuel theft (Huachicoleo*) | 6 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 18 | 6 | 10 | 0.8I |
7 | Internationally consolidated drug purchases | 6 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 0.2II |
11 | Power transmission tariffs (CFE) | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 15 | 7 | 7 | 0.55III |
9 | Renegotiation of energy-related contracts with Pemex and CFE (electricity own-supply) | 5 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 15 | 7 | 7 | 0.55III |
3 | President’s Daily Press Conference (“Mañaneras”) | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 0.65IV |
12 | Expansion and modernization of the national oil refining system (PEMEX) | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 0.55III |
10 | Alternative to a wholesale power market (CFE) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 13 | 10 | 5 | 0.55III |
2 | Social Security Welfare (IMSS) | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 0.75V |
5 | The School is Ours | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 0.59VI |
1 | Welfare Bank | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 0.51VII |
4 | Young people building the future | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 0.62VIII |
6 | Sowing life | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0.65IX |
Scaling impact corruption levels by axis (0, means no corruption) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P-p corruption | Organizational | Behavior | |||||
Impact | Characteristic | Impact | Characteristic | Impact | Characteristic | ||
1 | High clarity | 1 | Individual | 1 | Opportunist | ||
2 | Medium clarity | 2 | Group of persons | 2 | More than once | ||
3 | Low clarity | 3 | Collusion with public officers | 3 | Low-frequency abuse | ||
4 | Slightly fuzzy | 4 | Public office corrupted | 4 | Medium frequency abuse | ||
5 | Moderately fuzzy | 5 | Public office plus other government branches | 5 | High-frequency abuse | ||
6 | Highly fuzzy | 6 | Corruption of three branches of state: Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary | 6 | Abuse is the rule | ||