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A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 2 LOS of firm by innovation, marketing communication, production

From: How social capital affects innovation, marketing and entrepreneurial orientation: the case of SMEs in Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam)

Length of stay

Innovation (%)

Marketing communication expenditure (%)

Entrepreneurial orientation (%)

 

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

LOS_G1: ≤ 5 years

27.1%

32.3%

39.8%

31.9%

27.6%

34.2%

LOS_G2: > 5–10 years

23.8%

19.2%

19.5%

21.5%

19.2%

21.7%

LOS_G3: > 10–20 years

40.9%

36.4%

28.5%

35.5%b

40.9%

34.5%

LOS_G3: > 20–60 years

8.3%

12.1%

12.2%

11.2%c

12.4%

9.6%c

Total

100

100

100

100

100

100

Firm size by business activities

EMP_G1: < 5 employees

13.3%

41.8%a

11.2%

40.2%a

28.8%

38.8%a

EMP_G2: 5–9 employees

22.7%

30.2%c

18.9%a

30.7%a

22.0%

34.2%a

EMP_G3: 10–40 employees

40.3%

22.2%a

42.0%a

23.1%a

32.8%

21.7%a

EMP_G4: 50–199 employees

17.7%

5.4%a

21.7%a

5.2%a

13.6%

4.0%a

EMP_G5: ≥ 200 employees

6.1%

0.4%a

6.3%

0.8%

2.8%

1.2%a

Total

100

100

100

100

100

100

  1. aIs significant at 1%; b is significant at 5%; c is significant at 10%