How social capital affects innovation, marketing and entrepreneurial orientation: the case of SMEs in Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam)

Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

A Systems View Across Time and Space

Table 4 Logit models with innovation, marketing and EO as dependent variables

Variable	Innovation		Marketing communication expenditure		Entrepreneurial orientation (EO)
	Model 1a	Model 2a	Model 1b	Model 2b	Model 1c	Model 2c
LOS_G1: ≤ 5 years	0.284		− 0.142		− 0.508
LOS_G2: > 5–10 years	0.569		− 0.454		− 0.493
LOS_G3: > 10–20 years	0.446		0.141		− 0.236
EMP_G1: < 5 employees	− 3.921^a		− 3.471^a		− 1.157^c
EMP_G2: 5–9 employees	− 3.028^a		− 2.652^a		− 1.321^b
EMP_G3: 10–40 employees	− 2.207^a		− 1.517^a		− 0.443
EMP_G4: 50–199 employees	− 1.607^b		− 0.794		0.398
Personal network	− 0.220	− 0.275	0.825^a	0.571^b	0.374^c	0.286
Business network	0.002^a	0.002^a	0.0004	0.001	0.001^b	0.002^a
Network range	0.0005	0.0004	0.0004	0.001^b	0.0004	0.0003
Network intensity	0.007	0.001	− 0.007	− 0.016	− 0.012	− 0.015
Constant	1.251	− 1.160^a	0.213	− 1.928^a	0.918	− 0.312^c
Pseudo-R²	0.136	0.016	0.165	0.024	0.070	0.021
Calibrationbelt and test for internal validation (P-value)	0.214	0.642	0.523	0.302	0.252	0.978
Hosmer–Lemeshow and test goodness-of-fit after logistic model (Pro > chi 2)	0.888	0.278	0.101	0.769	0.623	0.813