Table 1 The emergence of Family-Led Learning in Family Business (FLL-FB)

Teaching Presence

 Design and Organization

 Facilitation

 Direct Instruction

The “informality” of the setting needs specific guidance of “what” and “how” to be discussed

Include the business schedules of the founders and various learning methods. Participants can, for example, be “observers” or “active contributors”

Include the schedule of the executives, the commitment of the participants, and various learning methods. The executives require direction regarding “what” and “how” to mentor

Social Presence

 Affective Expression

 Open Communication

 Group Cohesion

A set of agreed-upon communication standards must be established beforehand. Throughout the learning process, the “conducts” govern relationships and communication

The communication code of conduct must specify how participants communicate and conduct themselves in the workplace

The communication code of conduct must specify how participants should communicate with executives and conduct them in the workplace

Cognitive Presence

 Triggering Event

 Exploration

 Integration

 Resolution

All or the vast majority of business owners are not educators and require direction on “what to say and do.”

Business locations and events provide a wealth of knowledge. Guidance is required to connect these “dots” of knowledge

The executive may have certain “challenges” or “difficulties” in dealing with the descendants of their owners. The learning program must be defined clearly and committed by both learners and mentors