A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 5 Sources of information and cooperation for innovation activities
From: A study on entrepreneurial innovation among entities in Singapore
Information source | Mean | Standard deviation | Variance | Rank based on mean |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Internal | ||||
 Employees, managers and internal R&D departments | 4.52 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 1 |
 External | ||||
 Market sources |  |  |  |  |
 Suppliers | 3.04 | 0.91 | 0.82 | 6 |
 Customers | 4.52 | 0.50 | 0.25 | 1 |
 Competitors | 4.43 | 0.55 | 0.31 | 2 |
 Consultants and R&D institutes | 3.75 | 0.89 | 0.79 | 3 |
 Average score for market sources | 3.94 | 0.71 | 0.54 |  |
Institutional sources | ||||
 Universities/educational institutional | 3.03 | 0.94 | 0.87 | 7 |
 Government or research institutions | 3.06 | 0.90 | 0.80 | 4 |
Average score for institutional sources | 3.05 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 5 |
Other sources | ||||
 Seminars and conferences | 3.75 | 0.89 | 0.79 | 3 |
 Research journals and publications | 3.04 | 0.91 | 0.82 | 4 |
 Business and industry associations | 3.75 | 0.89 | 0.79 | 3 |
 Average score for other sources | 3.51 | 0.90 | 0.80 |  |