A Systems View Across Time and Space
Table 1 Studies measuring entrepreneurial intention
Author | Research question, objective, or hypothesis | Sample | Main conclusions | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(Volery et al., 1997) | What are the triggers and barriers at the start of ventures? | 93 entrepreneurs, 48 of them initiating their business y 45 who have not started up their business yet in Western Australia | Several triggers—possibly a combination of triggers—appeared to be at the root of startups. These triggers were the level of creativity, the need for autonomy, the achievement of social status, the response to a market opportunity, and the drive for money and the will to invest savings in a business venture | Both |
(Veciana et al., 2005) | 1. Do university students have a serious intention to create their own firm? 2. Does there exist a relationship between gender and the variables of desirability, feasibility, and intention to create a new firm? 3. Does there exist a relationship between entrepreneurs among relatives and the variables of desirability, feasibility, and intention to create a new firm? | 15.000 university students from Puerto Rico and 18.641 students from Cataluña | - The survey reveals that the university students both in Puerto Rico and in Catalonia have a positive perception of new venture desirability - A high percentage of the students in both samples has vaguely (40.3% in Puerto Rico and 51% in Catalonia) or seriously (28.7% in Puerto Rico and 12.1% in Catalonia) considered to create a new firm as a career path, but only a small percentage has the firm intention - There exists a positive image of the entrepreneur among the students both in Puerto Rico and in Catalonia | Students |
(Van Auken et al., 2006) | Compare the influence of “role models” on entrepreneurial intentions in Mexico and the United States | Students from 1 Mexican university and two United States Universities. 87 answers were received from Mexico and 213 from de United States | - Role models were found to have a greater influence on career thinking among US than Mexican respondents - Role models who owned a business had a significantly greater influence on the career intentions of US respondents than role models that did not own a business | Students |
(Teixeira & Davey, 2010) | Investigate the attitudes of Portuguese higher education students in relation to business creation | Portugal’s students enrolled in higher education institutions, private and public in all scientific areas | Students that live in environments that encourages entrepreneurship tend to have a greater desire to become an entrepreneur | Students |
(Davey et al., 2011) | What is the difference in entrepreneurial intentions between individuals who have participated in entrepreneurship programs at universities and those who have not? | A university per country was selected (Finland, Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Kenya, and Uganda. Total sample: 2295 people | - There was a significant difference in the entrepreneurial intentions result. In African countries it was higher - African student´s think entrepreneurship has a great impact on society | Students |
(Moriano et al., 2012) | What is the applicability of the TPB system in six Asian and European countries, and are its components invariable in different cultures? | Students from Iran, Poland, Germany India, Spain, and Holland | Entrepreneurial Intentions are related to positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm, and planned behavioral control | Students |
(Achchuthan & Balasundaram, 2014) | To what extent does entrepreneurial motivation influence self-employment intention among management undergraduate students at Jaffna University? | Students from business faculty in Jaffna University, Sri Lanka. The initial sample consists of n = 130 questionnaires, and the final sample was 117 of them | - There is a low entrepreneurial intention among students - Low entrepreneurial intention is due to factors, such as financing and network support | Students |
(Knight, 2015) | Analyze the motivations and dynamics of Polish small business owners who are living and working in the United Kingdom several years after Poland’s enlargement to the European Union | Semi-structured interviews with 39 Polish migrants, residing in the Cardiff area, in 2008 and 2011 | - Migrants become entrepreneurs for a variety of reasons, blurring the lines between cultural and economic entrepreneurship as well as between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship - Changing motivations of the ethnic entrepreneurs over time, particularly when the demand for their product is unsustainable | Both |
(Ullah et al., 2016) | Explore the key factors that influences ethnic entrepreneur’s decision in starting-up a new business in Aberdeen, Scotland | In-depth face-to-face interviews with 25 ethnic entrepreneurs from a variety of nationalities and cultures originating India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka | The authors found that positive mindset, self-efficacy, strong determination, knowing of the market and local business culture and good financial management influence a successful startup | Both |
(Singh, 2016) | Evaluate the influence of families with business experience and the influence of salaried parents on the entrepreneurial intentions of students | 130 students randomly selected from a business school in Mumbai | Results showed that there is no significant difference in entrepreneurial intentions between student´s with employed families and students with entrepreneurial families | Students |
(Cho et al., 2019) | Explore the motivators and barriers in business venture creation among potential Latina entrepreneurs | 10 Latinas ages 20–30 | -Findings revealed major themes based around four dimensions of cultural heritage, motivators, barriers, and preferred resources -The barriers include fear, lack of financial management knowledge, business location selection and discrimination | Both |
(Ma & Huang, 2020) | Examine how the knowledge acquisition of global sourcing providers in China, influences the entrepreneurial intent of their employees by identifying opportunities | The study analyzed data from 144 Global Sourcing companies in China | If too many opportunities are identified, it may outpace the ability or desire of a firm to exploit them, which may create challenges in retaining talent. Promising opportunities identified can turn the entrepreneurial career more desirable and incumbent firms’ strategic orientation will make the new venture idea more or less feasible given how aggressively incumbent firms pursue the opportunities | Opportunity-driven |
(Hassan et al., 2020) | Investigate the impact of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial intention of Indian students. It also examines the moderating role of entrepreneurship education and gender in the recognition of opportunities—relationships between intention and self-efficacy | 334 students from India | - Opportunity recognition and self-efficacy both show a significant positive impact on the entrepreneurial intention of students - Education positively moderates “self-efficacy–intention relationship” - Gender negatively moderates “opportunity recognition–intention” and “self-efficacy–intention” relationship- | Students |
(Hou et al., 2022) | Examine the effects of entrepreneurial education in predicting the entrepreneurial intention of college students. The study also investigates the mediating role of opportunity recognition and the moderating role of entrepreneurial learning in this process | 1,150 university students from 55 universities in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China | - Entrepreneurship education can promote the entrepreneurial intention of students through opportunity recognition - Entrepreneurial learning plays a moderating role in the link between entrepreneurship education and opportunity recognition | Students |